进水氨氮浓度对强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统除磷特性及微生物群落结构的影响

以富集聚磷菌的活性污泥为基础,研究了不同进水氨氮浓度对强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统的除磷效果、微生物胞内聚合物(PHA)代谢过程及微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,SBR反应器运行6 d后,进水氨氮浓度为1、5、10、15和20 mg·L-1的系统除磷效率最终分别稳定在0、4%、80%、98%和65%左右.试验前后各系统...     

联苯胺对鲫鱼肝线粒体DNA(mtDNA)作用的研究

采用平板电泳的方法,研究等浓度连续喂养的鲫鱼肝线粒体DNA的表达条带差异特征.结果表明:该实验中的鲫鱼mtDNA拥有两个EcoR Ⅰ的酶切位点;随着联苯胺作用时间的延长,mtDNA双链断裂呈三个依次递进的状态;线粒体DNA的断裂总是从低分子量链向高分子量链的断裂转移.     

复合菌系BYND-8的种群组成及其对沼气产量的影响

为了明确1组在中温下(30℃)高效分解木质纤维素的复合菌系的菌群组成.研究复合菌系预处理秸秆对沼气发酵的影响,利用平板分离法和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)法研究了中温木质纤维素降解复合菌系BYND-8的菌种组成多样性,通过添加该复合系菌液到以牛粪为原料的沼气发酵体系,研究了添加秸秆降解液对沼气产量的影响.利用平板法分离...     

二维钼基纳米抗菌材料的可控制备及抗菌机制研究进展

细菌感染对人体健康构成了极大威胁,超级细菌的耐药问题也愈发严峻,开发新型抗菌制剂已成为业内普遍共识。钼基纳米材料凭借其独特的理化特性和良好的生物相容性,在抗菌领域应用前景广阔。本文从材料结构、制备方法和抗菌机理3个方面综述了二维钼基纳米抗菌材料的研究进展,介绍了物理接触破坏及微环境改变、氧化应激、外源性自由基诱导和金属离子控释4种代表性抗菌机理的研究现状。最后分析了钼基抗菌制剂目前的挑战和未来的发展前景。     

秦淮河流域中游地区两变量洪水风险分析

秦淮河流域地处长江下游,其中游地区主要位于南京市江宁区境内,受汛期强降雨、上游洪峰以及下游长江水位顶托影响,洪水灾害频繁。针对秦淮河流域中游地区暴雨洪水影响因素众多的特点,利用二维Gumbel模型,开展了基于暴雨与洪水水位两变量的洪水风险分析。结果显示,与单变量极值分布相比,两变量极值分布综合考虑了暴雨和洪水的不同频率特征,能够较为全面地分析水文极值事件的统计规律,从而使洪水风险分析更加符合实际情况。     

Potential of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry for the characterization and monitoring of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids from oil sands process-affected water

Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry(CE–MS) was used for the analysis of naphthenic acid fraction compounds(NAFCs) of oil sands process-affected water(OSPW). A standard mixture of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids is injected directly onto the CE column and analyzed by CE–MS in less than 15 min. Time of flight MS analysis(TOFMS), optimized for high molecular weight ions, showed NAFCs between 250 and 800 m/z. With a quadrupole mass analyzer, only low-molecular weight NAFCs(between 100 and 450 m/z) are visible under our experimental conditions. Derivatization of NAFCs consisted of two-step amidation reactions mediated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide(EDC), or mediated by a mixture of EDC and N-hydroxysuccinimide, in dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The optimum background electrolyte composition was determined to be 30%(V/V) methanol in water and 2%(V/V) formic acid. NAFCs extracted from OSPW in the Athabasca oil sands region were used to demonstrate the feasibility of CE–MS for the analysis of NAFCs in environmental samples, showing that the labeled naphthenic acids are in the mass range of 350 to 1500 m/z.     

Plankton community composition in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region revealed by PCR-DGGE and its relationships with environmental factors

To explore the relationships between community composition and the environment in a reservoir ecosystem, plankton communities from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region were studied by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting. Bacterial and eukaryotic operational taxonomic units （OTUs）, generated by DGGE analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S and 18S rRNA genes, were used as surrogates for the dominant ＂biodiversity units＂. OTU composition among the sites was heterogeneous; 46.7% of the total bacterial OTUs （45） and 64.1% of the eukaryotic OTUs （39） were identified in less than half of the sampling sites. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages （UPGMA） clustering of the OTUs suggested that the plankton communities in the Xiangxi Rive sites were not always significantly different from those from the Yangtze River sites, despite clear differences in their environmental characterizations. Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） was applied to further investigate the relationships between OTU composition and the environmental factors. The first two CCA ordination axes suggested that the bacterial community composition was primarily correlated with the variables of NO3^--N, dissolved oxygen （DO）, and SiO3^2--Si, whereas, the eukaryotic community was mainly correlated with the concentrations of DO, PO4^3--P, and SiO3^2--Si.     

Effect of methamidophos on soil fungi community in microcosms by plate count, DGGE and clone library analysis

Methamidophos was widely used a pesticide in northern China. The potential influences of methamidophos on soil fungal community in black soil were assessed by plate count, 28S rDNA-PCR-DGGE, and clone library analysis. Three methamidophos levels (50, 150, and 250 mg/kg) were tested in soil microcosms. Results from plate count during a 60-d microcosm experiment showed that high concentrations of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) could significantly stimulate fungal populations. DCGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) fingerprinting patterns showed a significant difference between the responses of culturable and total fungi communities under the stress of methamidophos. Shannon diversity indices calculated from DGGE profiles indicated that culturable fungi in all microcosms with methamidophos treatment increased after 1 week of incubation. However, the diversity indices of total fungi decreased in the first week, as compared to the stimulation of culturable fungi. At the 8th week, however, all the microcosms treated by methamidophos were similar to the control microcosms in community structure as suggested by the Shannon diversity indices for both culturable and total fungi. In contrast, after 1 week the fungal structure of culturable and unculturable both were disturbed to different extent under the stresses of methamidophos by clustering analysis. Clone sequencing analysis indicated the stimulation of pathogenic and unculturable fungal populations by methamidophos treatment, suggetsing potential risks of plant disease outbreak.     

基于二维灰云模型的LNG动力船航行过程风险推理*

针对风险多维属性问题及船舶航行多种风险表现,提出基于二维灰云模型的LNG动力船航行过程风险推理方法。针对LNG使用及船舶航行2种作业方式,采用系统方法识别安全风险影响因素体系,确定2种作业方式下各风险体系指标变化权重,描述LNG动力船航行过程中LNG使用和船舶航行发生事故概率及后果;通过引入云模型,综合计算2种作业方式下概率及后果组合风险,并采用灰云推理2种作业方式同时存在时LNG动力船航行过程风险。结果表明:LNG动力船航行过程中LNG使用和船舶航行风险耦合,风险程度受控;二维灰云模型可有效分析多维属性下风险评估问题,以及不同作业下风险耦合作用。研究结果可为船舶航行过程风险定量评估提供依据。     

牛粪发酵沼液DOM与Fe (III)离子络合机制研究

采用荧光光谱、红外光谱、平行因子（PARAFAC）分析及二维相关光谱（2D-COS）分析来解释Fe （III）与牛粪发酵DOM的络合异质性及机制.结果表明,PAFAFAC能够识别6个荧光组分,包括类蛋白（C2）、类富里酸（C1）、类腐殖酸（C4、C5）、类蛋白与类富里酸和类腐殖酸结合的荧光组分（C3、C6）.2D-SYS-COS分析仅能识别类蛋白和类富里酸荧光物质,DOM中类蛋白荧光为主要的荧光组分.2D-COS分析表明,在334nm处的类富里酸荧光组分优先与Fe （III）离子发生络合作用,络合次序为334nm→306nm.DOM中能够优先与Fe （III）发生络合作用的为仲铵盐-NH₂基团,各官能团组分与Fe （III）发生络合作用次序为2265→2771→1528→1310→1805→1479cm^-1.双对数模型计算结果表明牛粪发酵沼液DOM能够与Fe （III）形成高化学稳定性的络合物,其络合常数在4.34~7.03之间,研究结果能够为沼液施用土壤金属离子的形态分布和迁移转化提供理论指导.