基于物元分析的表层岩溶带“二元”水生态承载力评价

针对目前水生态承载力评价中信息屏蔽和主观性问题,该文以喀斯特典型分布区贵州省为例,在阐述表层岩溶带"二元"水生态承载力概念的基础上,构建表层岩溶带"二元"水生态承载力评价指标体系,结合物元分析法,对贵州省2007—2010年的表层岩溶带"二元"水生态承载力进行定量评价.研究结果表明:2007—2010年贵州省表层岩溶带"二元"水生态承载力等级都为"可承载",整体呈现出比较稳定的发展趋势,但是"可承载"水平并不稳定,不完全符合No2的标准."可承载"水平不稳定.贵州省表层岩溶带"二元"水生态承载力的主要提升因子是地表产流率、输沙模数、森林覆盖率、水资源利用率等8个,而单位面积地表水资源量、生态用水率、工业废水排放达标率、工业固体废物综合利用率以及城镇化率等9个成为制约贵州省表层岩溶带"二元"水生态承载力等级提升的因子.贵州省的表层岩溶带"二元"水生态承载力不仅关系到自身的社会、经济和生态安全也关系到下游的长江流域和珠江流域的水资源安全、生态安全以及环境建设.因此,应制定区域生态补偿措施,经济发达地区反哺经济落后地区,形成联动的共同保护生态环境脆弱区的水生态承载力的机制.为促进贵州省的水土资源开发利用和生态环境建设提供理论借鉴,并为类似地区的水生态承载力评价提供了一种新方法.     

资源环境承载力在保税区规划环境影响评估中的应用研究

保税区建设是中国沿海地区经济发展的重要载体,其对资源环境的影响主要来源于产业结构和内部布局,资源环境承载力的分析有助于保税区建设时经济发展方式的优化。本文以珠海保税区规划环境影响评价为研究实例,根据保税区的自身特点提出了资源环境承载力的评价思路和指标,并通过承载力计算对保税区规划的合理性进行了分析,提出规划应考虑土地空间整理、提高土地利用效率,提高工业用水重复利用率等策略。     

基于CALPUFF模型的漳州市大气环境容量研究

研究表明：CALPUFF模式是运用于广域的大气扩散模型,在区域范围较大的复杂地形条件下的应用具有突出的优势.利用CALPUFF大气扩散模型模拟漳州市2009年气象场和污染物浓度场,采用监测值对模拟结果进行验证表明模型的适用性;基于现状污染源,建立大气污染物传递系数矩阵,结合线性优化法测算了不同环境空气质量标准下漳州市大气环境容量.     

松花江(黑龙江省段)流域水环境承载力指标体系构建研究

针对流域水环境承载力指标体系亟待解决的问题,介绍了流域水环境承载力指标体系构建进展与存在的问题,提出了流域水环境承载力指标体系构建的改进措施,对松花江流域水环境承载力指标体系构建,提出了改进指标体系的构建原则、构建程序,分析影响因素,提出流域水环境承载力内涵,从水资源量、水资源消耗量、水资源质量影响三方面出发选取了指标,构建了松花江流域水环境承载力的三层递阶层次结构的指标体系,为评价与预测该流域水环境承载力奠定理论基础。     

水热法制备玉米叶基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以农业废弃物玉米叶和玉米秆为原材料,采用水热法制备生物炭,通过批试验方法考察了接触时间、污染物初始浓度、生物炭投加量、反应体系温度及溶液p H值等因素对2种生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝的影响,并对吸附规律进行了探讨.吸附动力学拟合结果发现,准二级动力学能更好地拟合吸附过程(R~2=0.9986~0.9999);颗粒内扩散方程拟合结果表明,2种生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附由液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散2个过程控制.玉米叶基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附可以通过Freundlich方程来进行拟合(R~2=0.9898),说明吸附在生物炭表面是多分子层吸附过程;而玉米杆基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附更符合Langmuir方程(R~2=0.9825),说明吸附在生物炭表面是单分子层吸附过程.与玉米杆基生物炭相比,玉米叶基生物炭具有更好的吸附性能,拟合理论最大吸附量为玉米杆基生物炭的1.25倍.     

预应力管桩的工作机理及其在基坑支护中的应用

分析了预应力管桩受力破坏的机理和单桩承载力提高的原因,以及预应力管桩作为基坑支护桩的受力特性,并以武汉南国置业有限公司高层公寓综合楼为工程实例,进一步阐明采用预应力管桩作为基坑竖向加固桩,具有明显的经济效益。     

Scenario-based assessment and multi-objective optimization of urban development plan with carrying capacity of water system

• Impact of urban development on water system is assessed with carrying capacity. • Impacts on both water resource quantity and environmental quality are involved. • Multi-objective optimization revealing system trade-off facilitate the regulation. • Efficiency, scale and structure of urban development are regulated in two stages. • A roadmap approaching more sustainable development is provided for the case city. Environmental impact assessments and subsequent regulation measures of urban development plans are critical to human progress toward sustainability, since these plans set the scale and structure targets of future socioeconomic development. A three-step methodology for assessing and optimizing an urban development plan focusing on its impacts on the water system was developed. The methodology first predicted the pressure on the water system caused by implementation of the plan under distinct scenarios, then compared the pressure with the carrying capacity threshold to verify the system status; finally, a multi-objective optimization method was used to propose regulation solutions. The methodology enabled evaluation of the water system carrying state, taking socioeconomic development uncertainties into account, and multiple sets of improvement measures under different decisionmaker preferences were generated. The methodology was applied in the case of Zhoushan city in South-east China. The assessment results showed that overloading problems occurred in 11 out of the 13 zones in Zhoushan, with the potential pressure varying from 1.1 to 18.3 times the carrying capacity. As a basic regulation measure, an environmental efficiency upgrade could relieve the overloading in 4 zones and reduce 9%‒63% of the pressure. The optimization of industrial development showed that the pressure could be controlled under the carrying capacity threshold if the planned scale was reduced by 24% and the industrial structure was transformed. Various regulation schemes including a more suitable scale and structure with necessary efficiency standards are provided for decisionmakers that can help the case city approach a more sustainable development pattern.     

酸性土壤条件下纳米氧化锌长期暴露对蕹菜生长和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为了探明酸性土壤条件下纳米氧化锌（nano-ZnO）长期暴露对蕹菜的生理生态效应,通过盆栽实验,设置7个浓度系列的nano-ZnO,70 d后测定相对叶绿素含量、生长参数和叶绿素荧光参数。结果显示,随nano-ZnO浓度升高,蕹菜相对叶绿素含量和生长参数先缓慢增加后显著下降。nano-ZnO对蕹菜生物量在根部和冠部间的分配无显著影响。相对叶绿素含量与nano-ZnO浓度呈显著负相关（r=-0.879,p<0.001）。在nano-ZnO质量比为160 mg/kg时,光合有效辐射190μmol/(m²·s)诱导的激发能过剩,但过剩激发能可通过热耗散保护机制消耗,以避免发生光损伤。酸性土壤条件下,弱光诱导的蕹菜叶绿素荧光参数对nano-ZnO长期暴露不敏感,但蕹菜的生物量累积易受nano-ZnO长期暴露的影响。     

Community-Based Environmental Management in Atlantic Canada: The Impacts and Spheres of Influence of the Atlantic Coastal Action Program

The Atlantic Coastal Action Program (ACAP) is a unique, community-based program initiated by Environment Canada in 1991 to help Atlantic Canadians restore and sustain watersheds and adjacent coastal areas. ACAP is the eastem-most Environment Canada Ecosystem Initiative. The ACAP family is currently made up of 14 ecosystem-based organizations in the four Atlantic provinces. Each one of these non-profit organizations operates independently, but is formally linked under the umbrella of ACAP to represent a force stronger than the individual parts. In Environment Canada's experience, the program consistently demonstrates the value of a community-based approach and produces results on an ecosystem basis. This paper will examine some of the impacts of ACAP in terms of economics, credible community science, and environmental results which most often align with Environment Canada's objectives. It will explore the influences of the community-based approach to environmental management on multiple scales (local, regional, etc.). Through examples, the paper will demonstrate the effectiveness of ACAP in influencing some of the policies, programs and attitudes of various levels of government and industry in the region, as well as describe how the community-based model has been exported internationally. The paper will conclude with a discussion on a planned path forward for ACAP.     

生态足迹理论对生态城市建设的启示

介绍了生态足迹理论基本概念和计算模型,并运用该模型,对上海市生态足迹进行了计算和分析。在此基础上探讨了生态足迹理论对生态城市建设的启示,提出应在不降低人们生活水平的前提下,减少生态足迹,提高城市的可持续发展能力。