乌鲁木齐煤田灭火区混土种植基质配比试验研究

利用基质材料混合种子以改良种子生长环境成为生态修复中施工方便、生态修复效率较高的一种方法。基质组分和配比是研究中的重点,文章以乌鲁木齐煤田灭火区为研究区,选择粘合剂、保水剂、羊粪、复合肥、秸秆和铺设厚度,利用正交试验设置试验方案,通过植物指标的极差和方差分析,获取研究区生态恢复的优方案和基质对指标的影响,为乌鲁木齐煤田灭火区生态修复提供新的方法。结果表明:(1)对1个月后的盖度、高度和密度而言,E(秸秆)是植被盖度的主要影响因子,具有极显著性。B(保水剂)是高度和密度的主要影响因子,呈极显著性。(2)对4个月后的植被生物量和盖度、高度和密度而言,D(复合肥)是3个生物量指标和密度的主要影响因子。E(秸秆)是盖度和高度的主要影响因子,B(保水剂)、D(复合肥)、E(秸秆)和F(铺设厚度)对盖度和高度都具有显著影响。(3)利用综合平衡法,根据多数倾向和经济节约原则及因素对指标的重要程度,选择优方案为A3B2C5D4E4F3。     

区域土地利用变化对植被碳汇的生态风险影响研究

基于北部湾经济区的EOS/MODIS卫星遥感资料和2000年、2006年土地利用遥感解译结果,利用GIS技术,获取区域土地利用转移信息图、土地利用类型转移矩阵及植被净初级生产力时空变化图,计算植被碳汇变化量;根据区域土地利用与植被碳汇的时空变化特征,构建区域土地利用变化对植被碳汇的生态风险影响评价流程,获取区域植被碳汇的生态风险指数空间分布.     

Dynamic floodplain vegetation model development for the Kootenai River, USA

The Kootenai River floodplain in Idaho, USA, is nearly disconnected from its main channel due to levee construction and the operation of Libby Dam since 1972. The decreases in flood frequency and magnitude combined with the river modification have changed the physical processes and the dynamics of floodplain vegetation. This research describes the concept, methodologies and simulated results of the rule-based dynamic floodplain vegetation model "CASiMiR-vegetation" that is used to simulate the effect of hydrological alteration on vegetation dynamics. The vegetation dynamics are simulated based on existing theory but adapted to observed field data on the Kootenai River. The model simulates the changing vegetation patterns on an annual basis from an initial condition based on spatially distributed physical parameters such as shear stress, flood duration and height-over-base flow level. The model was calibrated and the robustness of the model was analyzed. The hydrodynamic (HD) models were used to simulate relevant physical processes representing historic, pre-dam, and post-dam conditions from different representative hydrographs. The general concept of the vegetation model is that a vegetation community will be recycled if the magnitude of a relevant physical parameter is greater than the threshold value for specific vegetation; otherwise, succession will take place toward maturation stage. The overall accuracy and agreement Kappa between simulated and field observed maps were low considering individual vegetation types in both calibration and validation areas. Overall accuracy (42% and 58%) and agreement between maps (0.18 and 0.27) increased notably when individual vegetation types were merged into vegetation phases in both calibration and validation areas, respectively. The area balance approach was used to analyze the proportion of area occupied by different vegetation phases in the simulated and observed map. The result showed the impact of the river modification and hydrological alteration on the floodplain vegetation. The spatially distributed vegetation model developed in this study is a step forward in modeling riparian vegetation succession and can be used for operational loss assessment, and river and floodplain restoration projects.     

赤泥对土地处理系统中植物除磷效果的影响研究

将赤泥按0％、2.5％、5％、7.5％、10％的重量比例与土壤混合,考察赤泥掺混对土地处理系统中植物除磷效果的影响.结果表明,赤泥从生物量以及磷吸收两方面影响植物除磷.适量的赤泥掺混可提高植物生物量,掺混比为5％时生物量最大.另一方面,赤泥掺混越多,对植物磷吸收的抑制也越大.总体效果上,掺混比例为5％时,黑麦草和高羊茅...     

半干旱黄土区退耕还林十年植被恢复变化分析——以陕西吴起县为例

黄土高原退耕还林（草）政策实施已逾10 a,了解植被恢复变化状况及存在的问题,对于制定和完善生态环境治理方略具有重要意义。以吴起县为例,基于实地调查及遥感等数据,对退耕还林（草）以来植被覆盖度、主要植被类型变化及不同立地条件下植被恢复变化的差异进行了定量分析。结果表明：2000年至2009年,植被覆盖度大于30%的面积在全县总面积中的比例由不足1%上升至91.96%;其中缓坡立地类型上的乔灌林地类型面积增长最为显著,而阳向陡坡等恶劣生境下的植被恢复缓慢;有林地、灌木林地及疏林地均呈现规模增大趋势,属扩张状态;中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地、坡耕地及耕地呈现规模减少趋势,属缩减状态。     

内蒙古地区近25年植被对气温和降水变化的影响

利用1982—2006年内蒙古地区GIMMS-NDVI和降水量、气温数据,分析了不同植被类型对气温和降水变化趋势的影响。结果表明：近25年来内蒙古地区气温整体上呈上升趋势,降水量呈微弱降低趋势,西部荒漠区呈暖湿化趋势,中东部草原、森林等植被类型区呈暖干化趋势;从不同植被类型NDVI与平均气温和降水量的变化趋势率相关分析表明,NDVI值越低,升温趋势越明显,其中春季和秋季各植被类型间NDVI与季均气温升高趋势率呈显著和较显著的相关,夏、冬季关系不明显;植被NDVI越高,降水量减少趋势越明显。基于栅格的NDVI与气温升高幅度、降水变化趋势相关分析表明,年均气温升高幅度基本随NDVI的增加而降低,其中春、夏和秋季的季均气温升高幅度均随NDVI的增加而显著降低,冬季趋势不明显;而年降水量减小趋势率随植被NDVI的增加而显著增加,其中春季和冬季NDVI变化对降水的变化几乎没有影响;夏季和秋季均表现为随NDVI的增加,降水减小趋势率呈增加趋势。     

安太堡露天矿复垦地不同人工植被恢复下的土壤酶活性和肥力比较

人工重建植被是露天矿复垦地植被恢复,提高土壤质量的主要途径之一.选择适宜的人工植被对快速恢复土壤质量具有重要意义.本文主要研究了安太堡露天矿复垦地油松-刺槐-柠条混交林、沙棘-刺槐-柠条-沙枣混交林和苜蓿地的土壤养分含量及酶活性,综合评价了这3种不同植被类型对土壤肥力恢复效果.结果表明,随着植被恢复的进行,土壤养分含量均有增加,油松-刺槐-柠条混交林的土壤养分含量显著高于其它样地.从以养分含量和酶活性权重计算的土壤综合肥力指标值(IFI)可知,油松-刺槐-柠条混交林IFI值最高.综合来看,对土壤重建效果最好的为油松-刺槐-柠条混交林,其次是沙棘-刺槐-柠条-沙枣混交林,再次为苜蓿.     

Evaluation of fire as a management tool for controllingSchinus terebinthifolius as secondary successional growth on abandoned agricultural land

Schinus terebinthifolius, native to South America, has become an aggressive woody weed in southern Florida, displacing native vegetation as well as rapidly invading disturbed sites. Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of fire as a management option for controllingSchinus on abandoned farmland in Everglades National Park, known as the “Hole-in-the-Donut,” began in 1979. Study plots were established to monitor any change(s) in herbaceous cover and in numbers and size ofSchinus stems. Except in the control plot (which was not burned), each site was burned as often as fuel conditions permitted (usually once every one or two years), through 1985. Results indicated that both the number and density ofSchinus stems increased over the course of the study. While plots that burned showed a reduction in the rate ofSchinus invasion, invasion still progressed rapidly with or without the occurrence of fire. The increase inSchinus stem density from 1980 to 1985 was highly significant in all transects except one. Herbaceous cover showed no clear trends relative to burning.     

不同恢复模式下红壤区森林植被盖度变化的阈值效应分析

植被恢复过程中乔木层与灌草层变化的阈值效应往往决定着生态恢复工程的成败,若忽视这一效应可能会引发其他生态问题。为了进一步促进我国森林生态系统植被恢复建设,填补相关研究空白,研究了典型红壤区自然和人工恢复模式下乔木层和灌草层盖度的动态变化特征,基于前沿的生态阈值评估框架,利用线性模型和三种阈值模型（包括分段回归模型、阶跃函数模型以及通用模型）评估了不同恢复模式下两种盖度指标之间的阈值效应。模型评估结果的后验分布形式表明：在人工恢复乔木层与灌草层盖度之间存在阈值效应,而在自然恢复模式下则不存在;通过比较各个模型评估结果的精度可知,分段回归模型结果更加准确;进一步利用分段回归模型得出,当前人工恢复样地中乔木层盖度的阈值为42.85%（95%的置信区间为41.57%~44.13%）,此时灌草盖度为58.75%,若超过乔木层盖度阈值会使得灌草层盖度开始降低。研究结果对促进我国红壤区人工林生态系统的结构改善具有较高的参考价值。