长江上游地区主要森林植被类型蓄水能力的初步研究

论文在收集长江上游各类森林林冠层、枯落物层和土壤层等3个水文生态功能作用层资料的基础上,根据山地气候带和群落生活型将长江上游森林归并为14个植被类型,对其降水截留规律和蓄水能力进行了综合评价。在森林综合蓄水能力中,土壤层和枯落物层持水量占了绝大部分比例,土壤非毛管孔隙度对森林蓄水能力具有决定作用,可以利用凋落物现存量和土壤非毛管孔隙度来评价和估算枯落物和土壤蓄水的综合能力。在长江上游各类森林植被中,常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、铁杉、槭、桦林、云杉林、冷杉林和硬叶常绿阔叶林具有较强的持水能力,这些植被在长江上游高山峡谷区山地垂直带中广泛分布,对整个流域水源涵养和水土保持具有重要作用。因此,在长江上游实施天然林保护和退耕还林工程等生态建设具有重要意义。     

试论矿区生态重建

针对矿区土地复垦涉及学科多、面广,而我国矿区生态重建基础理论研究又十分薄弱,许多基本概念和问题尚未获得统一认识,呈现出零散、杂乱的现象。基于１０年矿区土地复垦科学研究的实践,分析了由矿区土地复垦到矿区生态重建的研究观念转变、矿区生态重建的基础理论,对矿区生态重建的概念、特点、范围、时间尺度进行了界定,探讨了矿区生态重建研究的认识（论）、方法（论）,并以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例进行了验证。     

Studies on the Uptake of Heavy Metals by Various Plant Species on Chromite Minespoils in Sub-tropical Regions of India

The presence of heavy metals (Cr, Ni and Fe) in soil and accumulated by herbs, shrubs and trees regenerated naturally on the minewaste-dumps of Sukinda chromite mines (TISCO sector) were investigated. There was significant correlationship between Cr and Fe in the soil where a tree species (Catunaregam spinosa) occurred. Guazuma ulmifolia and Diospyros montana also did show significant correlation between leaf, stem and soil for Cr, Ni and Fe. Among the shrubs (Calotropis gigantea, Chromolaena odorata, Phyllanthus reticulatus and Woodfordia fruticosa) significant and positive correlations were obtained for Cr and Ni in soil and iron and nickel in leaf and chromium and nickel in stem. Among the annual herbs, whole plant of tephrosia purpurea and Borrevia articularis showed significant and positive correlation with chromium and nickel with the maximum correlation coefficient value. It was concluded that the above information would be useful in revegetation programmes in subtropical regions having seasonal rainfall.     

河西走廊灌丛植被的生态学研究

本文从生态学基本原理出发 ,对河西走廊灌丛植被以群落建群种为基础进行了分类研究 ,将灌丛植被划分为 8个类型 ,分别对灌丛群落的分布、生物学特性、生态学意义以及各类灌丛植被与土壤之间的关系 ,特别是对灌丛植被在改善河西走廊生态环境的作用、在干旱荒漠系统的防风固沙、建立荒漠草场以及防治荒漠化等方面进行了研究 ,并就河西走廊荒漠系统生态重建与可持续发展提出了对策     

Misanthropy Without Borders: The International Children's Rights Regime

The issue of children's rights has become key to human rights-based international security strategies. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) is being operationalised in complex political emergencies. Children's rights now inform humanitarian principles. Universal concern for children is viewed as transcending political and social divides and able to mobilise societies to confront social problems and prevent war. The operationalisation of child rights is accompanied by the development of psycho-social programmes to rehabilitate the child victim. Critically analysing the implications of the children's rights regime for the right to self-determination, the paper unpacks the assumptions underlying children's rights and psycho-social intervention. The paper begins by examining the conceptualisation of the rights-holding subject universalised under the UN Convention and then goes on to consider Article 39 on the right to psycho-social intervention. Equally important as the novel conceptualisation of childhood and children's rights under the international children's rights regime is the (unspoken) mistrust of adulthood and political rights that informs the imperative to institutionalise children's rights as higher law. Moreover while the rights-based approach consciously sought to move away from the earlier moralising child-salvation model, psycho-social rehabilitation reveals a similar preoccupation with deviancy, but conducted through the paradigm of psychological functionalism. Rather than representing a trend towards more humane international relations, the paper suggests that the elevation of children's rights is premised on a profound disenchantment with humanity. The logical implication of the international children's rights regime is to challenge both the moral and political capacity of individuals and their right to self-determination and to institutionalise a more unequal international system.     

植被恢复对刺萼龙葵根际土壤细菌群落结构与功能的影响

入侵植物可以改变入侵地土壤微生物群落,从而有助于其入侵,在前期研究中发现,植被恢复措施可有效控制刺萼龙葵(Solanum rostratum)的入侵,但植被恢复前后刺萼龙葵根际土壤细菌群落结构与功能尚未清楚.选取了前期研究中的2 个植被组合:沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)+披碱草(Elymus da...     

漓江流域红壤区生态恢复过程中植被结构动态和生物量变化

利用时空替代原理,选取漓江流域红壤区退化生态系统恢复过程中具有代表性的草丛、灌丛、针叶林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林5个阶段作为演替序列,研究自然恢复过程中各演替阶段的植被结构动态和生物量变化。结果表明：随着草丛→灌丛→针叶林→针阔混交林→次生常绿阔叶林正向演替的进行,在未形成成熟而稳定的顶极群落之前,物种丰富度、物种多样性指数、植被生物量及生产力都呈增大趋势。退化群落通过自然恢复总是向着结构更复杂、更完善的方向发展。根据恢复过程中植被的动态变化规律,提出了一些人工促进植被恢复的建议．     

煤矿区土地复垦的优化设计——以南屯煤矿为例

在讨论矿区土地复垦的基础上,对南屯煤矿区复垦用地的平面结构和垂直结构进行了优化设计。     

酸性矿山5种植被恢复措施下土壤碱性磷酸酶基因细菌群落特征及其与重金属关系

为揭示酸性矿山不同植被恢复措施下碱性磷酸酶基因（pho D）细菌群落特征及其与重金属的关系,以赣州龙南稀土矿区为研究区域,收集了5种植被（百喜草、香根草、桉树、玉兰、芥兰）的土壤,测量不同植被土壤理化性质和重金属含量,利用高通量测序技术分析16S rRNA细菌和pho D基因细菌多样性及其群落特征,并计算pho D基因细菌与重金属含量的相关性.结果表明：不同植被土壤存在Cd、As、Pb、Mn超过江西省背景值现象,其中桉树、香根草土壤Pb含量分别为背景值的5.96倍、4.4倍,桉树土壤Cd含量为背景值的2.6倍. pho D基因细菌多样性Chao1指数排序为百喜草<香根草<桉树<玉兰<芥兰.慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、链霉菌属（streptomyces）为主要pho D基因菌属.相关性分析结果表明,Cd、As、Mn含量与铵态氮、硝态氮呈显著正相关,Cd、As、Pb同pho D基因细菌Chao1指数呈显著负相关,pH、TN、OM、TP、AP与pho D基因细菌多样性呈显著正相关.Heatmap热图显示,新根瘤菌...     

Factors influencing the sinuosity of Pannagon River, Kottayam, Kerala, India: An assessment using remote sensing and GIS

The present study was carried out to identify the factors influencing the sinuosity of the Pannagon river, using the IRS P6 LISS III data and Geographical Information System (GIS) on 1:50,000 scale. The river follows meandering course and exhibits a narrow, highly sinuous and incised channel. Several lines of evidence including satellite and topographic data, geological maps and field investigations and the generated themes on lithology, structure, geomorphology, slope, riparian vegetation and hydrology have analyzed to understand the controls on the channel morphology of the Pannagon river. The average of sinuosity index of the selected reaches in the river on 1967 was 1.6 and of 2004 was 1.8. The sinuous patches are more in the lower reaches of the river and most of the area comes under floodplain with thick column of alluvial deposits. The analysis shown that the style and degree of sinuosity of the Pannagon river depends on a number of geological factors, including tectonics and the riparian vegetation also plays a major role.