Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) over cinder-based nanoneedle in presence of tartaric acid: Synergistic performance and mechanism

Cr(VI) is a common heavy metal ion, which will seriously harm human body and environment. Therefore, the removal of Cr(VI) has become an attractive topic. In this work, cinder was used as a raw material to synthesize a nanoneedle material: γ-([email protected]) (γ[email protected]). The physicochemical properties of γ[email protected] were thoroughly characterized, and its effectiveness as a catalyst for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) was evaluated. The results showed that Cr(VI) could be efficiently reduced by γ[email protected] in the presence of tartaric acid (TA) under visible light. The variable factors on the reaction were investigated in detail, and the results showed that under optimal conditions (γ[email protected] 0.4 g/L, TA 0.6 g/L, pH 2), Cr(VI) was completely reduced within 7 min. Besides, scavenger experiments and EPR proved that O₂^{? —} and CO₂^{? —} played a significant role in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). TA acts as a sacrificial agent to trap the holes and generate strong reducing free radicals: CO₂^{? —}. Dissolving O₂ could react with electrons to generate O₂^{? —}. This work discussed the performance and mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in detail, which provided a new idea for the resource utilization of solid waste and the treatment of heavy metal sewage.     

在模拟酸雨胁迫下,棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)子叶圆片叶绿素含量和可见伤害症状应变模型研究

以棉花子叶圆片为材料,研究了酸雨在伤害叶绿素过程中的胁迫强度、胁迫时间(胁程)和胁变量三者相互间的数量关系.结果表明,叶绿素含量下降率和可见伤害指数与酸雨pH值之间具有拟合度很高的Logistic曲线关系;Logistic拟合方程中的拐点处pH值和曲线降低率及A,b等参数均是时间的函数,分别与胁程有一定的相关性;在pH值为2.5酸雨胁迫下,叶绿素含量下降率在24h内、可见伤害指数在4h内与胁程之间具有拟合度很高的直角双曲线关系;根据这些关系建立植物酸雨伤害模型.     

纳米TiO2改性可见光催化降解有机物研究进展

光催化降解水中有机污染物是一项颇有发展前途的废水处理技术.目前主要的研究工作由紫外光逐步向可见光催化方向发展,使这项技术向实用性又迈进了一步.系统介绍了纳米TiO2的光催化降解有机污染物的原理,光催化处理水的现状,并从离子掺杂、表面光敏化和分子筛负载几个方面综述了可见光化的研究现状和发展方向.     

激光光散射技术用于Fenton反应中Fe(Ⅲ)水解过程的研究

利用激光光散射技术，研究了不同条件下Ferton反应中Fe(Ⅲ)水解过程的粒径变化，并和一般铁盐体系中Fe(Ⅲ)水解过程进行了比较，结果表明，Fe(Ⅲ)的水解过程中，粒径变化受水解度B^*和铁盐浓度的影响，即B^*值愈大，浓度愈高，体系粒径愈大．并且在相同浓度和水解度B^*的条件下，Fenton反应生成的Fe(Ⅲ)比一般铁盐的水解聚合迅速，形成的粒径大，对采油废水进行处理的实验结果表明，Fenton体系对有机物的吸附去除效果明显优于常规铁盐体系，这可能与Fenton体系的高水解速率有关。     

臭氧/活性炭/紫外光联用处理几种高浓度有机废水影响因素

以对硝基苯甲酸废水、鸟嘌呤废水、乙醛废水和乙醇胺废水为例,对臭氧/活性炭氧化去除废水中有机物的效果进行了初步研究,考察了臭氧投加量、pH值和紫外光等因素对臭氧/活性炭催化氧化高浓度有机废水的影响,并在最优条件下,验证了该工艺作为高浓度有机废水预处理手段,在去除废水中COD和提高可生化性(BOD5/COD)等方面的综合效果.结果表明,活性炭作为催化剂与臭氧共同作用,对对硝基苯甲酸废水COD的去除率明显高于单独臭氧氧化和活性炭吸附;臭氧/活性炭氧化对乙醛废水和乙醇胺废水这类短链类有机物降解作用不大,但对硝基苯甲酸废水、鸟嘌呤废水这些含有苯环类、长链类的有机物,去除效率较高;在中性偏碱时,pH的提高有利于COD的去除,但过高pH对COD的降解效果反而有所减弱,pH=9.0是比较合适的;在紫外光催化的条件下,采用臭氧/活性炭氧化工艺处理对硝基苯甲酸废水,COD去除率可达到52%,废水的生化性(BOD5/COD)由原来的0.10提高到0.32,大大提高了废水的可生化性.     

TiO2可见光降解水中污染物的研究进展

介绍了TiO2光催化降解水中污染物的作用机理,综述了实现TiO2可见光进行光催化降解水中污染物的方法,包括金属掺杂、非金属元素掺杂、半导体复合、表面光敏化等TiO2光催化剂的改性方法及光催化反应器的研制等,指出TiO2光催化是一种可以充分利用太阳能,具有很大发展潜力的水处理方法。     

Photocatalytic properties of hierarchical CuO nanosheets synthesized by a solution phase method

CuO nanomaterials were synthesized by a simple solution phase method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) as a surfactant and their photocatalytic property was determined towards the visible-light assisted degradation of Reactive Black-5 dye. A detailed mechanism for the formation of CuO nanostructures has been proposed.The effect of various experimental parameters such as catalyst amount, dye concentration,p H and oxidizing agent on the dye degradation efficiency was studied. About 87% dye was degraded at p H 2 in the presence of CuO nanosheets under visible light. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of CuO nanosheets can be ascribed to good crystallinity, grain size,surface morphology and a strong absorption in the visible region. CuO is found to be a promising catalyst for industrial waste water treatment.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of rGO/TiO2 for the decomposition of formaldehyde under visible light irradiation

Due to the low concentration of indoor air contaminants,photocatalytic technology shows low efficiency for indoor air purification.The application of TiO_2 for photocatalytic removal of formaldehyde is limited,because TiO_2 can only absorb ultraviolet(UV) light.Immobilization of TiO_2 nanoparticles on the surface of graphene can improve the visible light photocatalytic activity and the adsorption capacity.In this study,rGO(reduced graphene oxide)/TiO_2 was synthesized through a hydrothermal method using titanium tetrabutoxide and graphene oxide as precursors,and was used for the degradation of low concentration formaldehyde in indoor air under visible light illumination.Characterization of the crystalline structure and morphology of rGO/TiO_2 revealed that most GO was reduced to rGO during the hydrothermal treatment,and anatase TiO_2 nanoparticles(with particle size of 15–30 nm) were dispersed well on the surface of the rGO sheets.rGO/TiO_2 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of formaldehyde in indoor air and this can be attributed to the role of rGO,which can act as the electron sink and transporter for separating photo-generated electron–hole pairs through interfacial charge transfer.Furthermore,rGO could adsorb formaldehyde molecules from air to produce a high concentration of formaldehyde on the surface of rGO/TiO_2.Under visible light irradiation for 240 min,the concentration of formaldehyde could be reduced to 58.5 ppbV.rGO/TiO_2 showed excellent moisture-resistance behavior,and after five cycles,r GO/TiO_2 maintained high photocatalytic activity for the removal of formaldehyde(84.6%).This work suggests that the synthesized rGO/TiO_2 is a promising photocatalyst for indoor formaldehyde removal.     

污泥的资源化——制轻质陶粒的优化条件

随着经济与社会的发展,资源消耗量不断加大的同时,也产生了大量的废弃物.污泥是污水处理过程中的必然产物.利用城市污水处理厂的污水处理时的固体废物--脱水污泥为原料,加以一定量的辅料,经过预热和烧胀制成具有一定强度的轻质陶粒,可用于净化污水的填料、装饰等,这样城市处理厂的污泥可以大量消耗,不但处理成本低于焚烧、填埋、堆肥等方法,而且可以避免污泥的二次污染,符合中国固体废弃物处理的无害化,减量化和资源化的原则.本实验是对污泥制轻质陶粒最佳条件的选择,结果表明,在预热和烧胀的两个过程中,温度、时间、污泥所占的比例和含水率等条件的不同,烧制出来的轻质陶粒的质量也有很大的差别.     

Ti(IV)与铜离子共掺杂的羟基磷灰石薄膜弱紫外光杀菌研究

采用共沉淀水热合成和离子交换的方法,制备了钛与铜离子共掺杂的羟基磷灰石(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2:HAP)(HAPTiCu),以大肠杆菌为目标物,研究了不同材料负载的多孔镍网薄膜在弱紫外光下的杀菌活性.结果表明,HAPTiCu在弱紫外光下具有高效杀菌效率,并远远高于HAPTi和P25TiO2薄膜.这主要是铜离子的抗菌与光催化分解细菌的协同作用的结果.电子自旋共振(ESR)研究表明杀菌反应的主要活性物种是O-2·.HAPTiCu薄膜释放的铜离子在光催化杀菌反应过程中,被光催化还原沉积在表面,导致了较低的铜离子溶出,从而保证了材料的稳定性.