饱和多孔介质中DNAPL污染源区结构及质量溶出

为探究重非水相液体（DNAPL）在地下水中的运移和溶出行为,选取四氯乙烯（PCE）为代表,采用透射光法动态监测PCE在二维砂箱中的运移和分布,并以顶空气相色谱法监测其质量溶出,在此基础上通过乙醇冲洗来改变PCE分布,对比分析相应源区结构和溶出浓度的变化.结果表明：PCE的运移以垂向入渗为主,并伴随由毛细管力引起的横向迁移;污染源区面积和溶出浓度的变化具有明显一致性,均先迅速增大而后趋于平稳,由于泄露量小,70.7%的PCE以ganglia态残留在运移路径上.乙醇主要通过增溶作用改变污染源区结构,对PCE的空间展布影响弱,乙醇冲洗后ganglia态PCE占比增至99.6%,GTP值从2.4增至257.随着乙醇冲洗体积的增加,PCE源区面积从100cm²减至50cm²,对应溶出浓度从114mg/L减至12mg/L,二者呈较好的线性关系（R²=0.76）.此外,连续监测结果显示,在本研究的实验条件下,无论是否经过乙醇冲洗,PCE污染源区结构和其相应的质量溶出可以在一定时间内（至少16PVs）保持稳定.     

无刺构骨秋季光合特性的初步研究

采用Li-6400光合测定系统对无刺构骨的秋季光合特性进行了初步研究.结果表明,无剌构骨净光合速率（Pn）日变化规律为双峰曲线形式,有“午睡”现象,最高峰值于11：00左右出现,次高峰出现在14：00,日最大净光合速率为8.33μmol/m2·s,净光合速率（Pn）与气孔导度（Cond）、蒸腾速率（Tr）呈正相关,与胞间CO2浓度（Ci）呈负相关.无刺枸骨光补偿点为12.146μmol/m2·s,光饱和点为1499μmoL/m2·s.     

晶面协同TiO2的制备及其可见光催化特性

以不同氟化物为晶面控制剂,采用超声辅助-溶胶凝胶法制备｛001｝和｛101｝晶面协同的F-TiO₂,借助XRD、TEM和EDS表征其物相结构、微观形貌和元素组成,通过改变氟化物种类和添加量确定F-TiO₂的最佳制备条件,并探讨其可见光催化过程中的主要活性物种及作用机理,研究关键反应参数对F-TiO₂光催化活性的影响.结果表明,引入NH₄F、NaF和HF可调控TiO₂沿｛001｝、｛101｝晶面生长,同时F^-掺杂能够增大材料的比表面积,制备所得材料的光催化性能均高于纯TiO₂.但在NaBF₄调控下合成的TiO₂为锐钛矿/金红石/Na₃TiF₆三相共存的半导体耦合结构,可见光催化活性显著下降.当NH₄F添加量为0.1 g时,材料显示出最强的光催化性能,可见光照射60 min后RhB的降解率为97.24%,矿化率达78.39%.降解反应符合一级反应动力学规律,速率常数为0.1321 min^-1.通过自由基捕获实验和ESR测试发现,h⁺、·OH均以关键活性因子参与F-TiO₂的可见光催化过程.F-TiO₂光催化活性增强主要归因于｛001｝和｛101｝晶面的协同作用和表面异质结的形成,其能有效提高光催化反应过程中光生电子空穴对的分离和迁移效率.在可见光照射下,适当增加催化剂投加量,降低RhB初始浓度,控制溶液为中性环境,可显著提高材料的降解速率.     

南京北郊大气棕碳吸光特性、来源及其季节变化特征

大气棕碳(BrC)是对大气颗粒物中具有吸光能力的一类有机物的总称，其对空气能见度及气候系统均有重要影响.自2021年3月至2022年2月底于南京北郊利用黑碳仪测定了气溶胶中BrC的光吸收系数，利用最小相关性法分别定量一次(BrC_pri)和二次棕碳(BrC_sec)贡献，结合后向轨迹、潜在来源和日均变化，分析季节变化特征.结果表明，观测期间BrC的平均光吸收系数(370 nm)为(7.76±7.17)Mm^-1,对于总气溶胶光吸收贡献率为(22.0±8.8)%.不同波长下棕碳吸光系数在四季呈现U字形变化，即春季和冬季高，夏季和秋季低.BrC_pri和BrC_sec(370 nm)全年光吸收贡献分别为(62.9±21.4)%和(37.1±21.4)%;前者在四季均占主导，但随着波长增加，BrC_sec的贡献逐渐增加并最终占主导(如在660 nm时).除冬季以外，BrC在其他季节受到来自海上气团的显著影响，而冬季受当地及周边地区排放影响更为显著.交通排放在春、夏和秋季对一...     

增蓝剂抑制藻类生长效果及对斑马鱼的急性毒性

增蓝剂溶水后降低水下光照度,减弱入射光中370~440nm和530~680nm波段透射光.分析增蓝剂在0.1,1,5mg/L浓度及0.4,0.7,1m水深条件下,对自然水体原生藻类生长抑制效果,并测定其生物毒性.结果表明:在增蓝剂作用下水下光照度衰减明显,衰减系数(k)从0.25m-1增至0.7m-1.水深为0.4,0.7m时,增蓝剂抑藻效果显著(P<0.05),0.1,1,5mg/L浓度对藻类抑制率在第6d后迅速上升,在15d后稳定在65%以上,增蓝剂在0.4m水深抑藻效果较好.当水深至1m时,21d抑藻效果较差.急性毒性试验表明,增蓝剂对斑马鱼96hLC50为442.8 mg/L.     

PM2.5中水溶性有机物吸光特性的模拟研究

研究建立了超声雾化器与光声光谱仪,扫描电迁移率颗粒物粒径谱仪联用的分析系统,将深圳市2011年夏季采集的PM2.5膜样品提取液雾化发生气溶胶,使之进入光声光谱仪检测其吸光强度以研究气溶胶中水溶性有机物(WSOM)的吸光特征.结果表明:观测期间PM2.5中WSOM平均质量浓度为(4.3±2.3)μg/m3,分别占PM2.5和OM质量浓度的11.9%±4.8%和49.2%±18.5%.WSOM在405,532,781nm波长下的质量吸收效率值(MAE)分别为(0.55±0.31),(0.54±0.31),(0.21±0.13)m2/g.经计算所得:深圳市夏季大气PM2.5中WSOM在405,532,781nm波长下的平均吸收系数分别为(2.30±1.08),(2.25±1.26),(0.86±0.45)Mm-1,对应的WSOM对大气PM2.5整体吸光效应的贡献率分别为7.6%,10.6%和5.8%,说明WSOM对PM2.5整体吸光效应的贡献不容忽视,有机气溶胶在大气灰霾中的能见度损害作用值得进一步深入研究.     

Effect of light and temperature on the population dynamics of two toxic bloom forming Cyanobacteria – Microcystis ichthyoblabe and Anabaena aphanizomenoides

The effect of light and temperature on the growth of Microcystis ichthyoblabe and Anabaena aphanizomenoides, isolated from the subtropical Oued Mellah lake, Morocco (33°30′N–07°20′W), were investigated in batch culture. Growth rates at 66 light–temperature combinations were determined and fitted with different mathematical models. The results show that the two Cyanobacteria grow at all light intensities and temperatures, except at 10 °C for A. aphanizomenoides, where the growth was strongly limited. The μ_max of M. ichthyoblabe increased with temperature from 0.56 d^?1 at 10 °C to 1.32 d^?1 at 35 °C. At all tested temperatures, a relative photoinhibition within the studied range of irradiance was observed and the photosensitivity was thermodependent. For Anabaena, the obtained μ_max ranged between 0.07 d^?1 at 10 °C and 1.46 d^?1 at 35 °C, and a weak photoinhibition was observed at 15 °C. The positive correlation between μ_max and I_opt (r²≥0.93) indicates a close interaction between light and temperature on the cyanobacteria growth. The results obtained in this work suggest that the growth of these two species is possible under low light and low temperature.     

Light induced transformation of isoprothiolane on glass,soil, and plant surface

Photolysis of isoprothiolane (di-isopropyl 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate) was studied as a thin film on glass surface, soil surface, and plant surface. Three photoproducts, namely 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenepropane, 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonic acid, and 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemethane have been identified on the basis of GC-MS method. The major route of photodegradation of this compound is through the de-esterification process, followed by de-carboxylation and rearrangement. The rate of photodegradation in all cases followed first-order kinetics with a statistically significant correlation coefficient.     

Selective photoreduction of acetonitrile to acetaldehyde in dilute aqueous solutions

Acetonitrile is a commonly used solvent in both industry and research. The treatment of acetonitrile wastes in dilute aqueous solutions with visible light offers advantages to chemical treatment and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This study presents the degradation of acetonitrile via a photoinduced electron transfer reaction in the presence of a photosensitizer (dye) and a sacrificial reductant under visible light. Acetonitrile photodegradation (photoreduction) was investigated utilizing a variety of sacrificial reductants and photosensitizers. Optimal results were observed in the presence of methylene green and tri-isopropanolamine with a decrease of acetonitrile in solution to 86% in 24 hours. The only photoreaction product observed was acetaldehyde and a plausible mechanism for the photochemical degradation of acetonitrile is proposed.     

“Cu核-Cu2O壳”粒子可见光催化降解酚类废水的研究

以对硝基苯酚溶液为模拟废水,用自制的"Cu核-Cu2O壳"粒子对其进行光催化氧化试验,考察了光照时间、催化剂用量、对硝基苯酚的初始质量浓度、溶液的pH值和光源等对降解过程的影响。结果表明,对硝基苯酚溶液质量浓度为40 mg.L-1,催化剂投加量为2g.L-1,光照120min后降解率达到95%,降解反应符合一级反应动力学。与其他同类光催化剂相比,"Cu核-Cu2O壳"粒子具有较高的光催化活性,而且光催化过程中有氢氧自由基产生,对对硝基苯酚的降解较彻底。