室外环境照明质量的探讨

从室外照明的对象类型、环境照明效果，具体分析室外环境照明质量的相关因素；为塑造良好的夜间照明形象，提高和再现城市品味所应遵循的基本要求．     

番茄柱式无土栽培研究

在立柱密度为 80cm× 80cm的”树林”式柱式无土栽培区种植番茄 (LycopersicumMill) ,品种是洋杂 2号和90 6 ,面积各有 5 4 0m2 (在非自控玻璃温室内 ) ,各含 6 36根立柱 ,每根柱种 3层共 9株 ,总共各有 5 72 4株 .番茄生长期间 ,柱上植株始终保持塔形排列 ,每株留 2穗果约 6只番茄 ,在不影响结果情况下注意去顶、剪叶和去除营养枝 ,以保持柱间有良好透光 .此外 ,在两行立柱之间地面 (除走道外 )铺设中高 10cm倒V字形双面铝 (Al)膜反光体 ,可使柱高 10 0cm以下的光照量增加 5 0 %左右 ,并超过了番茄的光合需要保持量E为 6 0 0～ 70 0 μEm-2 s-1[2 ] 的要求 .立柱由基质型盆钵组成 ,盆钵中的基质有陶粒、用过的香菇菌棒碎料加珍珠岩加有机肥料和难溶磷铁肥 ,于循环水中加入盆钵中没有的成分组成完全的平衡营养系统以循环浇灌 ,结果培养出了粗壮结果良好的的植株 .番茄洋杂 2号亩产为 5 184kg,是对照(深流栽培 )的 2 .4倍 ,又比土栽培的产量高 30 % ;品种 90 6亩产为 5 2 34kg,是对照土栽培的 2 .2倍 .图 2表 3参 2     

高光和低光下木本植物形态和生理可塑性响应

光资源的时空异质性普遍存在.为了提高光利用效率或有效避免强光的伤害,植物通常采取多种调节措施.植物适应林下异质、多变的环境过程中,表型的可塑性是非常关键的.植物表型可塑性与其环境异质性密不可分.植物通过生长变化、生物量分配、光合器官结构调整、叶氮分配、抗氧化防御系统、热耗散机制,以及长期的表型可塑性来增大截取光资源的潜力和实际光资源利用效率,同时也为自身提供了一种有效的保护机制.大量实验证明,阳生植物比阴生植物表现出较大的表型可塑性,且其可塑性方式存在差异.本文主要阐述了植物对高光和低光条件的形态和生理可塑性适应,为了解植物在极端光照条件下生存与繁殖提供参考.大量的人工模拟与自然光照实验有待进行来阐明植物对自然光照条件的适应,为植被恢复和重建提供参考和依据.参96     

海发光与地震宏观前兆异常的探讨

从海发光的类型、特征、原因、时空的分布等，论述海发光的现象及探讨海发光与地震宏观前兆异常的关系     

EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY AND MONITORING IN THE ST. LUCIE ESTUARY,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: The St. Lucie River and its tributaries form a major estuarine system on the southeast coast of Florida. This system is strongly affected by anthropogenic influences, including controlled releases of freshwater from Lake Okeechobee through the St. Lucie Canal and an extensive artificial drainage and irrigation system in the watershed. In the present study, three years of biweekly water quality monitoring data from the estuary were examined. The major stresses to the system stem from high variability of the salinity, frequent low dissolved oxygen (DO) events, and light limitation due to high levels of humic substances brought into the system with the fresh water. Nutrient levels also are high. Management goals for the system, including improvement of DO and water clarity, will require reduction in quantity and variability of freshwater releases.     

ASPECTS OF THE UNDERWATER LIGHT FIELD OF EIGHT CENTRAL NEW YORK LAKES1

ABSTRACT: The underwater light field of eight central New York lakes, which represent a wide range of trophic state, was characterized through paired measurements of Sechi disc transparency (SD, m) and diffuse light attenuation (K_d, m^?1). A total of 90 paired measurements are included in the data base. Substantial variability in the K_d SD product with time within individual systems, and amongst systems, was observed, which indicates differences in the relative contributions of absorption and scattering to attenuation. More than 50 percent of the temporal variability in K_d was attributable to attendant variations in chlorophyll a (C, mg m^?3) in only two of the lakes. Estimates of the adsorption (a, m^?1) and scattering (b, m^?1) coefficients based on paired K_d and SD measurements compared well with more precise determinations available for one of the lakes. Determinations of a and b for the eight lakes, from SD and K_d measurements, indicated great system-specificity and temporal variability in these characteristics. The temporal variability in relative contributions of a and b to K_d is consistent with covariation of different attenuating components and the lack of correlation between C and K_d in most of the study lakes.     

OPTICAL HETEROGENEITY IN GREEN BAY1

Differences in light penetration and light attenuating components and processes are documented along 112 km of the major (NE/SW) axis of Green Bay (Lake Michigan) during a three-day cruise (May 25–27, 1982). Measurements included diffuse attenuation of downwelling irradiance (k_d), Secchi disk transparency (SD), phytoplankton pigments (chlorophyll a and phaeophytin), turbidity (T_n), and dissolved color (absorbance). The relative importance of absorption and scattering to attenuation was calculated from paired measurements of k_d and SD. Absorption and scattering coefficients were calculated; value estimates were supported by a strong linear relationship between the scattering coefficient (b) and T_n (b = 0.99 *T_n; r²= 097, n = 12). Light attenuation characteristics, including the extent of light penetration and the magnitudes and relative importance of absorption, scattering and individual attenuating components, were found to be heterogenous in space. This heterogeneity is due to the characteristics and positions of entry of fluvial discharges to the bay as they influence levels of dissolved color (Gelbstoff), phytoplankton standing crop, and inorganic particulates. Identification of key processes regulating light penetration and their potential for response to pollution control measures can aid in the development of a water quality management plan for Green Bay.     

EFFECT OF “WHITING” ON OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND TURBIDITY IN OWASCO LAKE,NEW YORK1

ABSTRACT: The effects “whiting” (CaCO₃ precipitate) had on the optical properties and turbidity of the epilimnion of Owasco Lake, New York, were studied during the summer of 1985. Turbidity was partitioned according to “whiting” and non-“whiting” components utilizing a simple acidification procedure. Diffuse light attenuation was partitioned according to the attenuating processes of absorption and scattering. “Whiting” was present most of the summer. Two major “whiting” events occurred that caused major increases in turbidity and the attenuation of light. “Whiting” was the principle regulator of turbidity during the study; it caused increases in light attenuation by increasing light scattering. “Whiting” events can easily be mistaken by the public for phytoplankton blooms.     

暗处理和自然光修复对菹草叶片过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响

以自然光为对照，在预先进行暗处理，然后进行光修复的条件下，对菹草（Potamogeton crispus）过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及其与处理时间的关系进行了初步研究，结果表明：POD活性随着暗处理时间的延长而增强，随着光修复时间的延长而减弱；暗处理与对照相比，菹草叶片POD活性之间差异不显著；光修复与对照相比，前3天内，POD活性差异不显著，随着光修复时间的延长，POD活性出现显著差异（^＊P〉0．05）。CAT活性在暗处理和光修复中都一直低于对照值；暗处理开始2天，活性开始上升，达到最大值后下降，与对照菹草叶片CAT活性比较，前6天差异显著（^＊P〉0．05），第7天为差异极显著（^＊＊P〉0．01）；在光修复过程中，CAT活性第1天明显下降，与对照相比，除第3天表现出差异性显著（^＊P〉0．05）以外，其它均差异不显著。