铬掺杂TiO2液相沉积膜可见光下降解甲基橙研究

实验用液相沉积法制备铬掺杂改性的二氧化钛(Cr-TiO2)薄膜电极,并在可见光下利用制备的电极对甲基橙溶液(MO)进行光电降解实验研究.并对制备的薄膜进行光电流(I-t)、交流阻抗(EIS)和Mott-Schottky等电化学相关表征.当掺杂浓度为0.2％时,薄膜电极具有最好的光电催化活性.在以0.2％ Cr-TiO2...     

基于光散射法粉尘个体监测仪研制*

为研制矿山呼吸性粉尘浓度个体监测仪,采用MIE光散射方法,试制以红外线发光二极管作为光源的呼吸性粉尘浓度个体监测仪,该监测仪主要由气路部分、光路部分及电路部分组成。利用中国安全生产科学研究院自制的粉尘简易试验装置,在气体流量为2 L/min、颗粒粒径不大于5 μm的条件下,研究试制仪器电压输出值和流入粉尘质量浓度二者的对应关系。结果表明:根据不同粉尘质量浓度下的输出电压数据,在0~300 mg/m3测量范围内,试制仪器输出电压值和粉尘浓度之间具有线性函数关系,说明呼吸性粉尘浓度个体监测仪是合理可行的;粉尘监测仪测试结果与比对仪器测量结果对比分析可知,测量误差最大为1.59%,满足粉尘检定规程要求。     

光环境意识问卷调查

对四个城市的不同人群进行了有关光环境问题和光环境意识的问卷调查。总体上讲,各市的光环境问题还不十分严重,人们的光环境意识还不够高。但随着经济社会的快速发展,光环境问题会越来越严重,人们的光环境意识急待提高,有关光污染防治的宣传教育和法规建设必须尽快提到议事日程上来。     

不同光源下TiO2/ACF同时脱硫脱硝实验研究

实验室制备了负载型二氧化钛光催化剂TiO₂/ACF,利用自行设计的光催化反应器,在紫外和可见2种光源下进行了同时脱硫脱硝试验,确定了最佳的试验条件,比较了2种不同光源下的脱除效率.结果表明,烟气中氧含量、反应温度、烟气含湿量、光照强度等是影响光催化的主要因素,在紫外光源的照射下,负载型TiO₂/ACF光催化剂脱除SO₂和NO的效率分别达到99.7%和64.3%,在可见光源的照射下,负载型TiO₂/ACF光催化剂脱除SO₂和NO的效率分别达到97.5%和49.6%, 5次平行试验结果表明,平行数据的标准偏差S较小.通过反应后吸收液的离子色谱分析,推测了2种不同光源下同时脱硫脱硝的反应机制.     

煅烧结合光辐照提高纳米AgI/TiO_2的可见光响应

为提高AgI/TiO2的可见光响应能力,采用煅烧结合光辐照的工艺对其进行改性.紫外-可见光吸收分析表明,改性AgI/TiO2的敏感光谱范围覆盖了整个可见区,吸收边带从465nm红移至800nm,在500nm处的吸光度提高了近3倍.X-射线衍射分析结果指出,煅烧提高了金红石型TiO2的相对含量,导致禁带宽度从2.89eV降到2.81eV,氙灯辐照进一步增加了锐钛型TiO2、金红石型TiO2和AgI的相对含量,并生成了新的晶体AgCl,使其禁带宽度又降至1.55eV左右.AgCl的产生、AgI和金红石型TiO2相对含量的增加是降低改性材料禁带宽度和增强可见光响应能力的主要原因.研究还表明,只有煅烧后的AgI/TiO2才能通过光辐照来拓宽可见光敏感范围,而且,光辐照中起作用的主要是紫外光,可见光的作用甚小.研究最后提出将2种或2种以上的卤化银负载在纳米TiO2上,更能有效地增强TiO2的可见光响应能力.     

Degradation of Reactive Yellow 86 with photo-Fenton process driven by solar light

The decolorization of Reactive Yellow 86(RY 86),one of reactive azo dyes,was investigated in the presence of Fenton reagent under solar light irradiation.The decolorization rate was strongly influenced by pH,initial concentrations of H 2 O 2 and Fe(II),and so on.An initial concentration of 40 mg/L was decolored more than 90% after 20 min under optimum conditions.The activation energy of the solar photo-Fenton reaction was 1.50 kJ/mol for RY 86 in the temperature range of 10-60°C.In the kinetic study,the rate constant of RY 86 with OH· radicals could be estimated to be 1.7 × 10 10 L/(mol·sec).The decolorization efficiency of RY 86 under solar light irradiation was comparable to the artificial light irradiation.The decrease of TOC as a result of mineralization of RY 86 was observed during photo-Fenton process.The rate of RY 86 mineralization was about 83% under UV irradiation after 24 hr.The formation of chloride,sulfate,nitrate and ammonium ions as end-products was observed during the photocatalytic process.The decomposition of RY 86 gave two kinds of intermediate products.The degradation mechanism of RY 86 was proposed on the base of the identified intermediates.     

发光细菌法中用发光二极管修正色度干扰的研究

在用发光细菌检测水样毒性时,水样的色度会干扰测量结果。该研究采用作者制作的发光二极管(LED)装置对水样色度引起的附加抑光读数进行修正。首先,利用食用色素溶液观察同种水样的色度对发光细菌和LED发光抑制的差异;其次,用坐标旋转变换的方法来矫正这一差异,并用食用色素和苯酚模拟有毒有色的水样,来验证方法的准确性。最后,用该修正方法检测染料活性黑KN-B溶液的毒性,并用双层管设置阴性对照来检验修正方法的可靠性。结果三组模拟水样得到的水样毒性与实际毒性之间的误差均<5%,表明该方法有效。测得活性黑KN-B的EC50为213.9mg/L,与先前用双层管色度修正法检测得到的结果相近。该研究为剔除由色度引起的附加抑光读数,准确反映水样本身毒性,提供了一种可行且较可靠的方法。     

考虑道路扬尘特性的环境空气质量在线监测方法

为判断环境空气污染的程度,提出一种考虑道路扬尘特性的环境空气质量在线监测方法。通过前端数据监测模块采集大气环境数据,基于光全散射法监测道路扬尘的质量浓度和密度;通过监测通信模块将监测结果传送至云服务器;云服务器利用基于极限学习机神经网络的预测模型,采用自适应粒子群优化算法,获取最佳的环境空气质量在线监测结果。结果表明,该方法学习速率的取值为0.5时,能够完成颗粒物浓度和密度的准确检测,且解释方差<2%,同时能够监测扬尘颗粒的扩散时间,确定适合活动的区域。     

Visible light sensitive activated carbon-metal oxide (TiO2, WO3, NiO,and SnO) nano-catalysts for photo-degradation of methylene blue: a comparative study

Four composites of metal oxide doped with activated carbon with a metal oxide weight of 20% were prepared using mechano-mixing method. The nano-catalysts were characterized by N₂-adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-diffuse reflectance, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Photo-catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV 254 nm and visible light was examined. In general, prepared catalysts are more active for degradation of dye under visible light than UV, reaching 96% within 180?min irradiation using the SnO catalyst. Photo-degradation of methylene blue followed pseudo first order reaction mechanism with a rate constant of 14.8?×?10^?3?min^?1, and the time required for removal of 50% of dye was 47?min.     

Visible-light-driven heterostructured g-C3N4/Bi-TiO2 floating photocatalyst with enhanced charge carrier separation for photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa

• Bi doping in TiO₂ enhanced the separation of photo-generated electron-hole. • The performance of photocatalytic degradation of MC-LR was improved. • Coexisting substances have no influence on algal removal performance. • The key reactive oxygen species were h⁺ and ^•OH in the photocatalytic process. The increase in occurrence and severity of cyanobacteria blooms is causing increasing concern; moreover, human and animal health is affected by the toxic effects of Microcystin-LR released into the water. In this paper, a floating photocatalyst for the photocatalytic inactivation of the harmful algae Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was prepared using a simple sol-gel method, i.e., coating g-C₃N₄ coupled with Bi-doped TiO₂ on Al₂O₃-modified expanded perlite (CBTA for short). The impact of different molar ratios of Bi/Ti on CBTA was considered. The results indicated that Bi doping in TiO₂ inhibited photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination. With 6 h of visible light illumination, 75.9% of M. aeruginosa (initial concentration= 2.7 × 10⁶ cells/L) and 83.7% of Microcystin-LR (initial concentration= 100 μg/L) could be removed with the addition of 2 g/L CBTA-1% (i.e., Bi/Ti molar ratio= 1%). The key reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in the photocatalytic inactivation process are h⁺ and ^•OH. The induction of the Bi⁴⁺/Bi³⁺ species by the incorporation of Bi could narrow the bandgap of TiO₂, trap electrons, and enhance the stability of CBTA-1% in the solutions with coexisting environmental substances.