自然水体介质中白腐菌对二英类物质的降解

研究了自然水体介质中白腐菌射脉侧菌(Phlebia radiata)I-5-6对二英类物质2,7-二氯二苯并英(2,7-diCDD)和八氯二苯并呋喃(OCDF)的降解规律.结果显示,在自然河水为介质的培养环境中,2,7-diCDD随着江水加入量的递增,降解率逐步下降,但这种影响随着培养时间的延长而逐步减弱.白腐菌处理OCDF底物的效果并不理想,经过12d处理后,降解率最高只达到36.00%,这很可能是由于OCDF已经高度氧化,再要对它进行氧化降解比较困难.     

环境光强对糯玉米籽粒主要品质成分的影响

作物生长发育期间的环境光强是影响作物品质的主要因素之一。为了解不同环境光强对鲜食型糯玉米籽粒品质的影响,以香白糯(Xiangbainuo)为材料,采用人工遮光的方法模拟不同的环境光强,在糯玉米籽粒灌浆期间测定其籽粒粗蛋白、淀粉、脂肪、水分含量的变化规律和收获时籽粒的氨基酸总量及氨基酸各组分含量。结果表明,遮光没有明显改变糯玉米灌浆期间籽粒中主要品质成分的变化趋势,但对主要品质成分所占质量分数的影响很大。弱光(40%全光照)与自然光照(100%全光照)相比,糯玉米授粉后30d时,其籽粒中粗蛋白和淀粉的质量分数分别增加1.56和3.5个百分点,脂肪减少了1.5个百分点;自然光照条件下糯玉米籽粒的含水量每天以1.31%的速率减少,其脱水速率高于弱光下糯玉米籽粒脱水速率0.17个百分点。收获时,40%全光照条件下糯玉米籽粒中粗蛋白质量分数、氨基酸总量和赖氨酸质量分数高于自然光照和80%全光照时的质量分数,而糯玉米籽粒的百粒干质量显著降低。     

蚯蚓体腔细胞彗星试验检测阿散酸在泥浆体系中降解前后的遗传毒性变化

配制不同浓度的阿散酸标准液,与某养猪场附近的表层土壤混合形成泥浆系统,放在摇床上连续培养30d.在第0、1、2、3、4周取出适量降解液,分别用分光光度法测定阿散酸的降解率;用彗星试验检测降解液对赤子爱胜蚓体腔细胞DNA的损伤.结果表明,阿散酸低浓度时在泥浆体系中能被较快降解,500mg/L的降解率达到了25%;蚯蚓体腔细胞彗星试验表明,所有降解液均具有遗传毒性,可导致蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA明显损伤,与对照相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05).图1表1参17     

2-氯苯甲酸好氧降解菌的降解特性

分离出 2株以 2 -氯苯甲酸为唯一碳源的细菌W1和W2 ,这 2株菌对 2 -氯苯甲酸的降解均表现为一级动力学反应。W1降解酶系为诱导酶 ,对 2 -氯苯甲酸的降解动力学常数为 -0 .1 34h- 1;W2降解酶系为非诱导酶 ,对 2 -氯苯甲酸的降解动力学常数为 -0 .0 388h- 1。W1还能够降解 4 -氯苯甲酸、苯、甲苯和邻苯二酚 ,但不能降解 3-氯苯甲酸、2 ,4 -二氯苯甲酸、乙苯、丙苯和萘。W1菌体质粒和染色体提取实验表明 ,其降解基因位于染色体上。     

Degradation of Benzo[a]Pyrene in Soil with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Alfalfa

Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was grown in pots containing soil artificially contaminated with various levels of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)(0, 1, 10 and 100 mg kg^–1). Soil and plants were sampled after 30, 40, 50, 60 and 90 days and compared with unlanted pots. The percentage of mycorrhizal root length colonized by Glomus caledoniun was not significantly affected by the addition of B[a]P up to 10 mg kg^–1 but was significantly lower at 100 mg kg^–1B[a]P compared with low concentrations (p < 0.05). There was no difference in soil polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase activity among the controls and applications of 1 and 10 mg kg^–1 of B[a]P. However, enzyme activities were significantly higher at 100 mg kg^–1B[a]P compared with the other three treatments, and there was no mycorrhizal effect. Over a period of 90 days the concentration of B[a]P in soil in which alfalfa was grown was significantly lower than in unplanted soil (p < 0.05). Degradation rates of B[a]P added at 1, 10 and 100 mg kg^–1 without G. caledonium were 76, 78 and 53%, and with mycorrhizal inoculation were 86, 87 and 57%. The degradation rate in unplanted soil was significantly lower than in planted soil, and was significantly higher in medium- and low-B[a]P treatments than in the high B[a]P concentration tested. There is a possibility of enhancement phytoremediation of PAHs in rhizosphere soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.     

太湖水体光学特征及其对水中初级生产力的影响

对太湖梅梁湾水体实测结果表明 :在水体表面 ,UV -C的强度较小 ,只有 10 -5μE·m-2 ·s-1数量级 ;UV -B的强度随着波长的增加而呈现递增的趋势 ;UV -A的强度较强 ,达 10 -2 μE·m-2 ·s-1数量级 ,并且在水体中衰减较快 ,衰减系数 (Kd)可以达到 12 .5m-1。可见光在水体中Kd 可达 8.2m-1。在水下 0 .5m处 ,紫外线不足表面光强的 1% ,可见光是表面光强的 2 0 %左右。初级生产力在表面相对较小 ,在水下 0 .2m处最大 ,且随水深的增加而减少 ;在水体中直接测定发现 ,0 .2m处溶解氧值较高。初级生产力的这种分布是水体中紫外光与可见光共同作用的结果。     

阿特拉津降解菌的生长规律及降解特征的实验

应用了从农药厂阿特拉津生产车间污泥中分离出的菌种AT菌，进行了菌种生长曲线的测定，求得AT菌的对数期代时为3．87d，生长速率为0．258d^-1；不同基质浓度的降解实验表明，在农药污染质阿特拉津的低浓度体系中，AT菌降解阿特拉津的反应符合一级动力学模式，属于米氏方程曲线的第一阶段的情形，并拟合出关系式V＝0．064S。     

TiO2多孔纳米微粒的制备及其物性表征

首次利用高分子悬浮聚合与溶胶－凝胶法相结合的技术，成功地制备了具有中空结构的TiO2多孔微粒，并用X－Ray,SEM,自动气体吸附仪等手段对其物理性质进行了系统表征，在最优pH条件下制备的TiO2微粒比表面可达67.5m^2/g，平均粒径为2μm，孔体积为0.1cm^3/g。与商品纳米TiO2相比，其微米尺寸使其具有易于分离和重复使用等优点，晶粒的结构特点决定了其具有高催化活性。     

Forest cover dynamics in the Selva Maya of Central and Southern Quintana Roo,Mexico: deforestation or degradation?

ABSTRACT

Forest cover dynamics (1993-2018) was assessed in two regions on the Yucatan Peninsula: Zona Maya (ZM), 67% indigenous with shifting cultivation and community forestry; and Bacalar–Rio Hondo (BRH), mainly commercial agriculture and pastureland. Degradation (12,915 ha y^?1) exceeded deforestation (5882 ha y^?1) and was worse in BRH. In BRH there was a net forest loss (?1.6% y^?1) associated with pastureland and commercial agriculture. In ZM, mature forest recovery (1.4% y^?1) and dynamic forest cover (continuous loss and gain) were associated with shifting cultivation. Changes were more intense during 2011–2018 and gains of mature forest in ZM and deforested areas in BRH targeted secondary vegetation. Fragments of mature and secondary vegetation decreased, and connectivity improved in ZM, but opposite trends occurred in BRH. Reporting and monitoring deforestation using Global Forest Watch data is inadequate since 62% of forest cover loss represent degrading or recovering forest cover.     

耐盐(CaCl2)皂素废水降解菌的分离及特性

从湖北省某皂素生产废水池底污泥中分离出2株耐高盐（CaCl2）皂素废水降解菌，编号分别为B723—1和B723—3，并进行菌株的鉴定和生长特性以及不同盐度迫胁下胞内游离氨基酸、蛋白质、膜的相对透性的研究，结果发现：（1）菌株B723—1与扩展短杆菌的同源性为98．0％～99．0％，B723—3与松鼠葡萄球菌的同源性为98．0％～99．0％：（2）两菌株均能在0．0％～9．0％CaCl2范围内生长良好；（3）菌株B723—1和B723—3的适宜生长温度分别是20～35oC和25～37oC，两者均在pH7．0～10．0生长；（4）当耐盐菌株受到1．8％、3．6％、5．4％和9．0％CaCl2盐迫45min时，其胞内会迅速积累大量氨基酸来平衡外界的高盐渗透压，且其胞内蛋白质含量均高于对照组（未受盐迫），而其膜的相对通透性低于非耐盐菌株．图4表1参11.