固定化催化剂光反应器降解有机物研究进展

本文系统介绍了在TiO2 的非悬浆式体系中 ,光催化氧化有机污染物效率的影响因素、新型光反应器的特点以及污染物的降解动力学规律。可以预见 ,光催化氧化与传统的处理方法相比 ,有着良好的应用前景。     

六氯苯的O3及UV/O3高级氧化降解试验研究

采用O₃、UV/O₃高级氧化法对水中六氯苯（HCB）的降解效果及机理进行了研究，并对结果进行了比较，结果表明，UV本身对HCB的去除率贡献不大，HCB可被O₃、UV/O₃快速降解，即UV＜O₃＜UV/O₃；O₃、UV/O₃作用时，提高体系的初始pH值不利于HCB的降解，在pH＝3，HCB=0.2 mg/L，反应40 min时，HCB的去除可达50%左右，酸性条件下有利于降解反应的进行；无论是O₃单独作用还是UV/O₃联合作用，HCB的降解基本上满足准一级反应动力学规律，如果体系的pH值基本保持恒定，这种规律就更为明显。根据离子色谱(IC)、GC对六氯苯降解中间产物进行了测定，探讨了O₃、UV/O₃降解六氯苯的途径和机理。     

激光散射技术及其对絮凝剂分子特性检测和性能研究

本文提出一种将激光散射技术应用于对絮凝剂性能研究的方法。综述了利用该技术可实现对絮凝剂胶体分子粒径、形态结构、粒径分布和重均分子量的精确测量 ,论述了激光散射技术在絮凝剂沉降性能的研究及絮凝剂改进提高方面的重要作用     

高频超声辐照降解水中4-氯酚的研究

本文着重探讨了高频超声波 (1.7MHz)降解 4 氯酚的反应过程和反应机理 ,研究了高频超声波降解 4 氯酚的效果 ,并讨论了 4 氯酚初始浓度等因素对降解效果的影响。高频超声波降解 4 氯酚为一级反应 ,超声波空化效应在降解过程中起主导作用     

水体中卤代芳烃污染状况及降解途径研究进展

介绍了卤代芳烃对水环境所造成的污染和危害 ,并对水体中该类污染物降解技术研究进展进行了综述。着重介绍了光降解及光催化技术、化学氧化法、氢解还原和辐射降解等技术在该领域的有关研究。     

对苯二甲酸二甲酯及其异构体的好氧微生物降解

从红树林底泥中以对苯二甲酸二甲酯和间苯二甲酸二甲酯为碳和能源通过富集培养分离到 5株细菌 ,并对其进行了鉴定 ,分别是PasteurellamultocidaSDMTa (多杀巴斯德氏菌 )、KlebsiellaoxytocaSDMTb (产酸克雷伯氏菌 )、Klebsiellasp .SDMTc (克雷伯氏菌株 )、SphingomonaspaucimobilisSDMIy (少动鞘氨醇单胞菌 )和Methylobac teriummesophilicumSDMIr (嗜中温甲基杆菌 ) .这些微生物对对苯二甲酸二甲酯及其异构体间苯二甲酸二甲酯有较强的降解能力 .在pH为 7的条件下 ,浓度为 98mg/L的对苯二甲酸二甲酯 (DMT)可在 36d内被完全降解 ,主要中间产物为对苯二甲酸一甲酯 (MMT)和对苯二甲酸 (TA) .在混合培养条件下 ,浓度达 2 2 0mg/L的间苯二甲酸二甲酯在 35d内降解达 99%以上 ,但其中间产物间苯二甲酸一甲酯 (MMI)不能被降解而在培养液中积累 .根据鉴定出的中间产物 ,对苯二甲酸二甲酯的生化降解途径为 :DMT→MMT→TA→CO2 H2 O .研究结果表明 ,对苯二甲酸二甲酯的 2个酯基的水解是决定其完全矿化的重要起始步骤 .对苯二甲酸二甲酯比间苯二甲酸二甲酯更容易被降解 .图 6表 2参 18     

Spatial,temporal, and environmental limits on xanthotoxin induction in wild parsnip foliage

Summary Although present constitutively in large amounts, furanocoumarins in leaves of wild parsnip,Pastinaca sativa, are inducible to even higher concentrations by mechanical and insect damage. We conducted several experiments in order to characterize the nature and extent of xanthotoxin inducibility inP. sativa foliage. In order to determine the extent to which induction is localized, we mechanically damaged a single leaflet of a compound leaf on seven plants. Xanthotoxin concentrations increased significantly only in the damaged leaflet and in the half of the terminal leaflet closest to the damaged leaflet; thus, xanthotoxin induction is localized to the immediate vicinity of damage. To determine whether xanthotoxin induction results fromin situ biosynthesis or translocation from other plant parts, we detached individual leaflets from ten plants, damaged half of these detached leaflets, and compared xanthotoxin concentrations after 6 h in damaged and intact leaflets. We found that xanthotoxin concentrations increased 41% in damaged leaflets compared to detached leaflets that were not damaged. We also determined the rapidity and duration of the induction response. In leaflets that were damaged and then harvested after 0, 3, 24, 72, 120 and 168 h, xanthotoxin concentrations increased rapidly compared to undamaged leaflets on the opposite side of the leaf, reaching maximum levels within 24 h. This response was of comparatively short duration; concentrations declined to preinduction levels after seven days. To determine whether availability of resources influences the induced response, we performed two experiments, one in which soil nutrients were manipulated and one in which light level was manipulated. The low nutrient treatment was sufficiently extreme to cause cessation of aboveground growth, and the low light treatment caused etiolation. Extremes of resource limitation notwithstanding, leaflets significantly increased xanthotoxin production (2 to 3-fold increase under nutrient limitation and 3-fold increase under light limitation) in response to damage in both experiments.     

Chloroacetic acids in environmental processes

The fate of chloroacetic acids (CAA) in forest soils was studied using radio-indicator methods. We showed that chloroacetic acids are both microbially degraded and simultaneously formed by chloroperoxidase-mediated chlorination of acetic and humic acids. The degree of biodegradation of chloroacetic acids in soil depends on their concentration. Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is degraded faster than trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Chlorination of acetic acid led to a fast formation of dichloroacetic acid, whereas chlorination of humic acids gave rise to trichloroacetic acid. Both processes lead to a steady state in soil, participate in the chlorine cycle and possibly also in decomposition of organic matter in forest ecosystems.     

自然水体介质中白腐菌对二英类物质的降解

研究了自然水体介质中白腐菌射脉侧菌(Phlebia radiata)I-5-6对二英类物质2,7-二氯二苯并英(2,7-diCDD)和八氯二苯并呋喃(OCDF)的降解规律.结果显示,在自然河水为介质的培养环境中,2,7-diCDD随着江水加入量的递增,降解率逐步下降,但这种影响随着培养时间的延长而逐步减弱.白腐菌处理OCDF底物的效果并不理想,经过12d处理后,降解率最高只达到36.00%,这很可能是由于OCDF已经高度氧化,再要对它进行氧化降解比较困难.     

环境光强对糯玉米籽粒主要品质成分的影响

作物生长发育期间的环境光强是影响作物品质的主要因素之一。为了解不同环境光强对鲜食型糯玉米籽粒品质的影响,以香白糯(Xiangbainuo)为材料,采用人工遮光的方法模拟不同的环境光强,在糯玉米籽粒灌浆期间测定其籽粒粗蛋白、淀粉、脂肪、水分含量的变化规律和收获时籽粒的氨基酸总量及氨基酸各组分含量。结果表明,遮光没有明显改变糯玉米灌浆期间籽粒中主要品质成分的变化趋势,但对主要品质成分所占质量分数的影响很大。弱光(40%全光照)与自然光照(100%全光照)相比,糯玉米授粉后30d时,其籽粒中粗蛋白和淀粉的质量分数分别增加1.56和3.5个百分点,脂肪减少了1.5个百分点;自然光照条件下糯玉米籽粒的含水量每天以1.31%的速率减少,其脱水速率高于弱光下糯玉米籽粒脱水速率0.17个百分点。收获时,40%全光照条件下糯玉米籽粒中粗蛋白质量分数、氨基酸总量和赖氨酸质量分数高于自然光照和80%全光照时的质量分数,而糯玉米籽粒的百粒干质量显著降低。