山谷型磷石膏渣场酸性工艺水渗漏分析

我国大多数磷石膏渣场建于山谷之中,并以黏土底垫层作为防渗层。通过建立针对典型山谷型磷石膏渣场的渗流模型,使用二维有限元渗流分析方法对山谷型磷石膏渣场酸性工艺水的渗漏模式和渗漏量进行了分析。分析表明:山谷型磷石膏渣场酸性工艺水渗漏量不仅和黏土防渗层的垂直渗透系数有关,而且与黏土防渗层下部风化岩层的水平渗透性相关。如水平渗透性较大,黏土防渗层对阻止酸性工艺水流失的作用有限。分析还表明,由于谷口垂直防渗帷幕不大可能封堵住所有风化岩层中的裂隙,很难阻止渗过黏土防渗层的酸性工艺水向渣场外渗漏。     

公元1600年秘鲁Huaynaputina火山喷发与长江中下游地区的气候异常

公元1600年秘鲁Huaynaputina火山喷发是过去1 000年全球最大规模的火山喷发之一。考察了此次火山喷发在中国长江中下游地区的可能气候效应。经查阅中国历史文献，在《见闻杂记》、《袁宏道集》和明清地方志中发现了有价值的资料。此次火山喷发在长江中下游地区的气候效应可能表现得比较复杂。结合《见闻杂记》和明清地方志，发现1601年长江下游地区夏季降雪，异常寒冷；结合《袁宏道集》和明清地方志，发现1602年年初至春季长江中下游地区异常多雪和寒冷，这些气候异常与欧洲历史文献和北半球树轮序列等比较一致。另外，结合《见闻杂记》和明清地方志，还发现1601年秋季长江下游部分地区异常炎热。上述气候异常未必都能完全归因于Huaynaputina喷发，但Huaynaputina喷发应该是其中的一个重要原因。〖     

“The Kesterson effect”

Hypothesized to be derived from Cretaceous marine sedimentary rocks, selenium contamination of the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge is traced through irrigation drainage to the source bedrock of the California Coast Ranges. This biogeochemical pathway of selenium is defined here as the “Kesterson effect.” At the refuge ponds, this effect culminated in 1983 in a 64% rate of deformity and death of embryos and hatchlings of wild aquatic birds. From the previous companion paper on irrigation drainage, the Kesterson effect has been implicated in nine of 11 reconnaissance areas studied in the western United States. Deformities have resulted in at least five of these sites. Climatic, geologic, hydrologic, and soil conditions in these reconnaissance areas are similar to those in the area surrounding Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge in the west-central San Joaquin Valley of California. In California, selenium, as selenate, was ultimately found weathered with sulfur from marine sources in soluble sodium and magnesium sulfate salts, which are concentrated by evaporation on farmland soils. The Se, mobilized by irrigation drainage, is bioaccumulated to toxic levels in refuge wetland ponds that are located mainly in hydrologically closed basins and thus act as concentrating disposal points. The depositional environment of the ponds may be similar to that of the nutrient-rich continental shelf edge and slope in which Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene sediments found to be seleniferous in the California Coast Ranges were deposited. Bioaccumulation may be therefore a primary mechanism of selenium enrichment in ancient sediments in addition to that of the formerly suggested Cretaceous volcanic pathway.     

宁镇山脉圌山火山岩系的时代归属

根据化石组合和火山岩的同位素年龄,并结合区域火山岩资料,本文厘定江苏镇江(?)山火山岩系的时代属早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世早期,而火山活动主要是在晚白垩世,进而论证了下扬子区在晚白垩世期间普遍有零星的酸性岩浆活动。     

浙江仇山矿区膨润土、高岭土矿石矿物地质特征

仇山膨润土矿赋存于上株罗统劳村组火山岩中，I、Ⅱ矿层为主矿层，成矿母岩为火山玻璃岩。矿石经X衍射，差热及阳离子交换量等手段测试，按其埋藏深度由浅而深依次为钙基膨润土→钠钙基膨润土→钠基膨润土→高岭土，具蒙脱石向高岭石矿物变化的地质特征。对其形成的成因机理作了分析探讨，系不同的成矿方式和介质条件所致。     

Haneş and Valea Vinului (Romania) closed mines Acid Mine Drainages (AMDs) – Actual condition and passive treatment remediation proposal

Acid Mine Drainages (AMDs) from Hane? and Valea Vinului (Romania) closed mines were considered for characterization and treatment using a local zeolitic volcanic tuff, ZVT, (M?cica?, Cluj County, Romania). Water samples were collected from two locations, before and after discharging point in case of Hane? mine, and on three horizons in case of Valea Vinului mine. Physico-chemical (pH, total solid, heavy metal ions concentration) analyses showed that the environment is strongly affected by these AMD discharges even if the mines were closed years ago. Iron, manganese and zinc were the main pollutants identified in Hane? mine AMD, while zinc is the one mainly present in case of Valea Vinului AMD. A batch technique (no stirring) in which the ZVT was put in contact with the AMD sample was proposed as a passive remediation technique. ZVT successfully remove heavy metal ion from AMD. According to heavy metal ion concentrations, removal efficiencies are reaching 100%, varying as follows, Fe²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Mn²⁺. When the ZVT was compared with two cationic resins (strong, SAR and weak acid, WAR) the following series was depicted, SAR > ZVT > WAR.     

碳酸盐岩对Fe2+生物氧化及铁矿物合成的影响

利用从高硫煤矸石堆场浸出液中培养驯化获得的氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,A.f）,通过静态实验,探讨添加不同量的碳酸盐岩对酸性硫酸盐体系中Fe²⁺生物氧化速率及次生铁矿物合成的影响.结果表明：添加10 g和30 g碳酸盐岩不会对体系中pH、氧化还原电位（ORP）和Fe²⁺生物氧化速率产生明显影响,但总铁（TFe）的去除率可从37%分别提高到55%和62%,矿物生成量也从8.17 g·L^-1分别增加到12.03 g·L^-1和13.69 g·L^-1;同时,体系中合成的次生铁矿物相与不加碳酸盐岩时无明显变化,主要为黄铁矾和施氏矿物的混合物.随着碳酸盐岩添加量增至50、70和90 g时,体系pH快速上升,Fe²⁺生物氧化速率受到抑制,并产生大量结晶程度较好的硫酸钙,形成的铁矿物主要为纤铁矿或针铁矿.而适量的碳酸盐岩添加可使体系中产生Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺,从而影响次生铁矿物的合成.因此,在以碳酸盐岩为反应介质的酸性矿山废水处理工艺设计中,可通过添加A.f菌并控制碳酸盐岩投加量,强化系统中Fe²⁺生物氧化及次生矿物的合成,从而进一步提高反应系统对TFe的去除效果.     

贵州喀斯特地质背景异常区农产品中氟镉暴露水平及健康风险评估

研究贵州喀斯特高地质背景对农产品中F、Cd含量水平的影响,评价农产品F、Cd暴露对不同人群的健康风险。以7个市州为研究区域,采集255个样品(110个水稻、130个玉米、15个马铃薯),分别采用氟离子选择电极法及电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定样品中F、Cd含量。参照靶标危害系数(THQ)和危害系数(HI)对儿童及成人的健康风险进行评价。结果表明,大米、玉米及马铃薯中Cd含量为0.003～0.629、0.000～0.556、0.016～0.153 mg/kg;F含量分别在0.130～1.970、0.357～4.717、0.557～1.058 mg/kg之间。大米、玉米及马铃薯分别有19.09%、23.08%、26.70%的样品Cd含量超过阈值(0.2、0.1、0.1 mg/kg,GB2762-2017)。大米中氟镉含量呈正相关(r=0.376,p＜0.01),玉米中呈负相关(r=-0.391,p＜0.01)。不同作物的THQ和HI显示,儿童和成人摄食大米的风险大于玉米和马铃薯。儿童及成人摄食大米后THQ_Cd、THQ_F、HI分别为:0.965、 0.073、0.970;0.799、0.060、0.859,儿童及成人摄食玉米后THQ_Cd、THQ_F、HI分别为:0.430、0.185、0.422;0.121、0.052、0.173,儿童及成人摄食马铃薯后THQ_Cd、THQ_F、HI分别为:0.020、0.069、0.024;0.008、0.019、0.028。研究结果表明贵州省农产品受不同程度氟镉污染,食用当地生产的农作物具有潜在的健康风险,且儿童风险大于成人。     

广东五华白石嶂钼矿区矿床地质特征

白石嶂钼矿区归属于环太平洋钼成矿带华南褶皱系钨-铜-钼成矿省,成矿于中生代燕山期。矿床赋存于燕山二期细粒二云母花岗岩株南东端西侧与上三叠-下侏罗统地层的接触带,白石嶂断裂(F19)与杨塘断裂的交汇部位。本文从区域地质背景入手,着重研究了地层、构造、岩浆岩与成矿的关系;并对矿床的成矿专属性作了初步探讨。文章对围岩及其蚀变特征与矿体/矿石赋存特征、矿体规模之间的关系作了较深入的分析;并在分析成矿物质来源、总结矿化富集规律的基础上,结合粤东地区钼矿成矿特征,总结出本区控矿地质条件与成矿规律,为粤东地区该类矿床的寻找提供理论上的参考。     

江西盛源盆地橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩长石矿物特征及成因信息

江西盛源盆地橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩中的长石矿物特征为:斜长石斑晶具有反环带结构和交代净边结构,基质中存在大量的斜长石微晶,且在电子探针下研究发现基质中斜长石微晶具有钾长石环边的矿物学特点,为此类火山岩归属于橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩提供了矿物学证据。通过对长石矿物组合特征进行研究,探讨该地区橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩的成因以及成岩时的物理化学条件等方面的信息。