阿尔泰诺尔特地区火山岩岩石地球化学特征及构造背景

诺尔特地区火山岩赋存于上泥盆统忙代恰组及下石炭统红山嘴组中 ,火山岩属钙碱性系列 ,主要是酸性陆相火山岩 ,是诺尔特地区中地壳物质经部分熔融作用形成的。构造背景的研究表明 ,火山岩形成于新陆壳演化阶段 ,泥盆纪火山岩是固结期的产物 ,石炭纪火山岩是固结期→弛张期→活化期演化过程中的产物。     

豫西北小寨组变质岩系的矿物共生组合及变质作用温压条件

本文根据变质岩矿物平衡共生规则,确定出小寨组主要矿物共生组合,在区域上划出四个递增变质带,据不同方法确定了变质的温压条件,对绿片岩相为400℃,压力2×10~8Pa—4.8×10~8Pa,角闪岩相为t=500℃-640℃,p=3×10~8Pa-4.8×10~8Pa     

Satellite Observations of Lava Lake Activity at Nyiragongo Volvano, Ex-Zaire, during the Rwandan Refugee Crisis

In June 1994 the summit crater of Nyiragongo volcano, located in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, began to fill with new lava, ending nearly 12 years of quiescence. An earlier eruption of the volcano in 1977 had culminated in the catastrophic draining of a lava lake through fissures in the crater wall, feeding highly mobile lava flows which reached the outskirts of Goma and killed more than 70 people. By July 1994, as many as 20,000 Hutu refugees were arriving in Goma every hour, only 18km south from the summit of Nyiragongo. The exodus brought more than one million people to the camps near the town raising fears of a repeat of the 1977 eruption. This paper examines the role that satellite remote sensing could have played in surveillance of the volcano during this time, and demonstrates the potential for monitoring this and other volcanoes in the future. Images recorded by the spaceborne Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) – freely available over the Internet – provide semi-quantitative information on the activity of the volcano. The aim of this paper is to promote the wider use of readily available technologies.     

A generalised sorption model for the concentration dependent uptake of caesium by argillaceous rocks

A three-site cation exchange model is proposed to describe the concentration dependent uptake of Cs on natural argillaceous rock systems. Major premises in the model are that the sorption of Cs is dominated by the illite mineral component in the rock and that there is a fixed relationship between the site capacities of the three site types denoted as frayed edge, type II and planar sites. The definition of a “reference illite” with a cation exchange capacity of 0.2 equiv. kg^-1 allows the three site capacities to be fixed in the model calculations over the weight fraction of illite in the argillaceous rocks. Up to Cs equilibrium concentrations of 10^-3 M sorption occurs predominantly on the frayed edge and type II sites (higher affinity sites), with the planar site type playing only a minor role. Competition with Cs for sorption on the former two site types arises predominantly from monovalent cations such as K, Rb and NH₄ which have low hydration energies. H and Na (except at high concentrations) are considerably less competitive and bivalent cations such as Mg, Ca and Sr are effectively non-competitive. A consistent set of selectivity coefficients for Cs with respect to K, Rb, NH₄ and Na was derived from analyses and modelling of a wide range of Cs sorption data available in the open literature on pure illites from many different sources. The model was tested against four Cs sorption isotherm data sets determined on argillaceous rocks: Boom clay, Oxford clay, Palfris marl and Opalinus clay. The water chemistries and illite contents given in these experiments allowed the Cs sorption isotherms to be predicted. It is concluded that the Cs sorption model presented here, in which there are no free parameters, can be used to predict the uptake of Cs at equilibrium concentrations below 10^-3 M to within a factor of 2 to 3 in natural argillaceous rock systems.     

GROUND WATER OF THE ISLAND OF MONTREAL,CANADA1

ABSTRACT: The geochemistry and nature of the flow of ground water not only control the supply potential but constitute clues to the whole geology of an area. A study has been made of the largest available assemblage of data from 161 wells for the Island of Montreal collected by the Geological Survey of Canada in 1951–53. Data indicated that the system is generally subartesian, flowing from the principal topographically high areas towards the shores of the Island. As the probable use is about 13% of the estimated recharge of 140 million liters per day, most wells could be supplied by local recharge. The study has confirmed the predominance of calcium bicarbonate ground water from the carbonate sequence. The waters appeared to be saturated with respect to CaCO₃ in all but 10 wells. The presence of other types of waters suggests the effects of the igneous intrusions of the area, the post-glacial marine submergence and the upward movement of waters from deep sources through fault and other structural zones. Confirmation of the significant variations in chemical composition in some neighboring wells indicated the future need for repetitive sampling from specific horizons for chemical and isotopic analyses.     

赣中盛源盆地及邻区橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩中黑云母化学成分特征

本文利用电子探针技术对赣中盛源盆地及邻区橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩中黑云母的类型、化学成分及结晶时的温度和氧逸度条件等进行了研究。黑云母为镁质黑云母;结晶时温度的大致范围为1 060°C~1 100°C,氧逸度大致范围为1-0 7bar~1-0 9bar。本文研究表明,黑云母的化学成分研究是揭示岩石成因类型的一种有效途径,可为研究岩体成因类型以及成岩时的物理化学条件提供依据,并对成岩具有重要的指示意义。     

内蒙古乌兰浩特索伦镇地区中生代侵入岩特征研究

内蒙古乌兰浩特索伦镇地区位于大兴安岭中南段。该区中生代侵入岩广泛发育。开展侵入岩的年代学、地球化学特征研究能为深入探讨区域构造背景提供依据。3个样品K-Ar全岩法测年结果(93.39Ma～108.48Ma)证明侵入岩形成于早白垩世,略晚于其南侧同一构造带上的杜尔基地区侵入岩年龄(100.15Ma～120.29Ma),符合太行山——大兴安岭早白垩世侵入岩时代自南向北由老变新的演化趋势。岩石地球化学分析结果显示岩石属于碱性系列,具有高硅、高钾、富碱、过铝、贫钙、镁、铁等特征。稀土元素总量为(77.96～241.29)μg/g,平均值为158.92μg/g,与杜尔基地区早白垩世侵入岩的稀土总量平均值(146.85μg/g)及华北克拉通内碱性系列岩石的稀土总量平均值(163.32μg/g)都非常接近。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线整体右倾,因Eu负异常而呈"V"型形态,与太行山-大兴安岭地区早白垩世典型岩体的稀土配分型式极为相似。侵入岩的成因类型为A-型,形成于伸展构造环境。     

海南火山岩滤料曝气生物滤池工艺优化研究

本研究基于上向流曝气生物滤池污水处理系统,研究了该工艺不同气水比、不同水力停留时间、不同滤料高度层、反冲洗强度对污染物的处理效能的影响。结果表明,气水比为4∶1、水力停留时间2 h时,BAF出水中COD、NH+4-N和SS指标达到最佳;沿程污染物去除率随着滤料层高度的增加逐渐增大,当滤料高度大于1.6 m时趋于稳定,COD、NH+4-N和SS平均去除率分别达到80%、99%和80.3%。建议曝气生物滤池的反冲洗推荐程序为:先气冲(18 L/(m2·s)),单独气洗2~3 min;再气冲(18 L/(m2·s))加水冲(5 L/(m2·s)),联合反冲洗3~5 min;最后水冲(5 L/(m2·s)),漂洗5~8 min。     

Specific features of distribution of resident bat species (chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the eastern East European plain and adjacent regions

Some specific features of the distribution of resident Chiroptera (10 forms) in the eastern East European Plain and adjacent areas (44°–65° N, 40°–60° E) are described. It is noted that in different seasons of the year,Myotis dasycneme, M. daubentonii, M. nattereri, M. mystacinus, M. brandtii, Plecotus auritus, Eptesicus nilssoni, andE. serotinus serotinus are found more often in upland areas with karst and other erosional forms of relief, whereasE. serotinus turcomanus andPipistrellus kuhlii display no preference for these types of relief.