Levels of selected essential and toxic elements in the foodstuffs of Islamabad as analyzed by DPASV

Typical dietary components such as vegetables, wheat flour, milk, chicken and drinking water samples have been analyzed for the quantification of essential trace elements like Zn and Cu and potentially toxic trace elements like Pb and Cd. The sensitivity, selectivity and cost effectiveness of Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetric method at Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode has been evaluated and used for the analysis. A database covering the adequacy and safety of trace elements through common food articles was first contrived for the Islamabad region. This was followed by assessment of the mobility rate of the heavy metals in the soil, plant system for evaluation of the environmental impact. The method used was also validated using appropriate certified reference materials.     

Electrochemical determination of the effect of lead(II) on the photochemical degradation of the pesticide metamitron

The complexation of the pesticide Metamitron by lead(II) was investigated by polarography and stripping voltammetry. The influence of the pH on the complexation was determined and a maximum value for the conditional stability constant of the lead‐metamitron complex (logβ’ = 3.1) was obtained at pH 5.6.

An investigation into the photochemical degradation of the pesticide demonstrated that lead decreases the degradation rate of metamitron by 13% within the first 30 days, due to stabilisation by complexation.     

热解温度对生物炭循环伏安曲线特性的影响

随着生物炭在农业和环境领域的应用逐渐增多,生物炭对环境中生物化学过程的影响也日益加深.本文利用循环伏安曲线,探究了不同热解温度下生物炭的电子传递方式.结果发现,在热解温度为400℃时,生物炭的电导率较低,而循环伏安曲线上存在明显的氧化还原峰,这表明生物炭的电子传递方式以官能团的氧化还原反应过程为主.随着热解温度升高,以含氧官能团为主的氧化还原活性物质含量降低,氧化还原峰的峰电流降低;同时,生物炭比表面积增大、导电性增强,循环伏安曲线形状逐渐变为梭形,响应电流也逐渐增大;这表明生物炭的电子传递方式逐渐转变为主要依靠生物炭导电性的方式.总之,循环伏安曲线可以定性地分析生物炭的电子传递方式,为探究生物炭不同电子传递方式对生物化学过程的影响提供了一定的研究基础.     

伏安法测定水中β-萘酚

研究了β-萘酚在多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)修饰电极上的电化学行为,在C6H8O7-Na2HPO4溶液中,β-萘酚在修饰电极上产生一对可逆峰,还原峰电位为-0.103V,氧化峰电位为-0.076V,该峰较灵敏、稳定,适于伏安测定。据此提出了一种灵敏,简便的检测β-萘酚的电化学分析方法。在合适的条件下,β-萘酚浓度在2×10-5～4×10-4mol/L范围内浓度与峰电流呈线性相关,相关系数r=0.9940,检出限2.5×10-7mol/L。同时对模拟水样进行测定,结果满意。     

Nylon 6,6 modified screen printed carbon electrodes as electrochemical sensors for rapid chlorothalonil determination in water samples using differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry

A newly developed electrochemical sensor for chlorothalonil based on nylon 6,6 film deposited onto screen printed electrode (SPE) with electrochemical modulation of pH at the electrode/solution interface was studied for the first time. Differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) was used to carry out the electrochemical and analytical studies. Experimental parameters such as accumulation potential, initial potential, accumulation time and pH of Britton-Robinson buffer have been optimized. Chlorothalonil gave optimum analytical signal in a medium of 0.04?M Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 6.0. A well-defined reduction peak was observed, at E_p= ?0.851 and ?0.938?V vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0?M KCl) for both bare SPE and modified SPE, respectively. The peak currents of modified SPE were significantly increased as compared to bare SPE. At the modified SPE, a linear relationship between the peak current and chlorothalonil concentration was obtained in the range from 0.1 to 2.8?×?10^?6?M with a detection limit of 1.53?×?10^?8?M (S/N=?3). The practical applicability of the newly developed method has been demonstrated on analyses of real water samples. The newly developed sensor shows good reproducibility with RSD of 3.92%. The nylon 6,6 modified SPE showed itself as promising sensor with good selectivity for chlorothalonil determination.     

纳米金修饰分子印迹聚合膜电极检测双酚A

以纳米金修饰玻碳电极为基础电极,以双酚A为模板分子,以邻氨基苯硫酚为聚合单体,采用循环伏安法电聚合制备分子印迹聚合膜,利用循环伏安和交流阻抗法研究电极的电化学特性。结果表明,双酚A在修饰电极表面的反应是一个受吸附控制的等电子、质子转移的不可逆反应。采用差分脉冲伏安法检测双酚A,线性范围为5. 0×10~(-6)mol/L～4. 0×10~(-4)mol/L,检出限为2. 3×10~(-7)mol/L。将该电极用于自来水和牛奶样品的测定,结果均为未检出,加标回收率分别为93. 5%和95. 4%,3次测定结果的RSD分别为4. 0%和5. 7%。     

苯胺在铂电极上电解特征的研究

采用循环伏安法考察了苯胺在铂电极上不同浓度、pH值和不同扫描速率等条件下的电化学反应特性。结果表明:在酸性条件下出现明显的氧化峰而中性和碱性条件下没有;在循环初期只有1个氧化峰,峰电势Ep≈1.0V,随着扫描的进行出现2个氧化峰,Ep≈1.0V,0.5V。     

Nafion修饰汞膜电极微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定蔬菜中的铅

采用Nafion修饰汞膜电极微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定蔬菜中的铅,选择0.1 mol/L NH4NO3作为支持电解质,富集时间420 s,搅拌速度300 r/min,Nafion修饰体积10 μL,考察了共存离子的干扰.方法在0.01 μg/L～ 14.0 μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.2 μg/L,铅酸电池厂附近蔬菜样品的测定结果与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法相吻合,加标回收率为89.5％～106％.     

Sensitive voltammetric and amperometric responses of respiratory toxins at hemin-adsorbed carbon-felt

A hemin [iron-Fe(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride] was adsorbed onto a carbon-felt (CF), which is a microelectrode ensemble of micro carbon fiber (ca. 7 μm diameter). The resulting hemin-adsorbed-CF (hemin-CF) showed a well-defined redox wave based on the hemin-Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox process with the formal potential of -0.225 V vs. Ag/AgCl in deoxygenated phosphate/citrate buffer solution (0.1 mol/L, pH 5.0). The apparent heterogenous electron transfer rate constant was estimated to be 8.6 sec^-1. In air-saturated electrolyte solution, the hemin-CF exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of dioxygen (O₂). This activity was reversibly inhibited by respiratory toxins such as cyanide and azide, which bind sixth coordination position of iron active center of hemin. The electrocatalytic O₂ reduction current at the hemin-CF was modulated by the toxins in a concentration-depending manner. Based on the relationship between the inhibition and the toxin concentration, apparent inhibition constants of cyanide and azide were evaluated to be 4.52 and 1.98 μmol/L, respectively. When the hemin-CF was used as a working electrode unit of the CF-based electrochemical flow-through detector with air-saturated carrier, the injection of the azide induced peak-shape current responses, which allowed rapid and continuous flow-amperometric determination of azide with high sensitivity.     

溶出伏安法快速测定水中砷的研究

利用阳极溶出伏安法实现水体中砷含量的现场快速分析。方法检出限为0.007 mg／L,测定范围为0.03 mg／L～0.14 mg／L。该法可由单标法测定和标准添加法测定。采用单标测定,对国家标准物质的分析误差在20％以内,加标回收率在94.0％～126.2％之间;采用标添测定,对国家标准物质的分析误差在5％以内,加标回收率在93.5％～104.8％之间。对浓度为0.01、0.02、0.05、0.10 mg／L的统一样品进行测定, RSD在7.0％～18.7％之间。特别是浓度在0.05 mg／L以上时,RSD在10％以内,完全满足应急状态下As项目Ⅲ类水分析要求。完全满足应急状态下现场分析的要求。