Use of fungal technology in soil remediation: A Case Study

Two white rot fungi Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreatus and a PAH-degrading bacterial strain of Pseudomonas putida were used as inoculum for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from a manufactured-gas-plant-area. Also two cocultures comprising a fungus with Pseudomonas putida were applied. After 10-week treatment out of 12 different PAHs, concentration of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene decreased up to 66%. The ecotoxicity of the soil after bioremediation did not reveal any effect on the survival of Daphnia magna, a crustacian. However, the toxic effect on seed germination of plant Brassica alba and oxidoreductase activity of bacterium Bacillus cereus decreased after 5 and 10 weeks of treatment.     

白腐真菌木质素降解酶的反应器发酵

为了获得更高的白腐真菌木质素降解酶的产量和相应的控制策略,应用5L搅拌罐生物反应器对氮限制下(C/N=56/2.2)P.chrysosporium产木质素降解酶进行了放大研究.结果表明,在分批发酵试验中,锰过氧化物酶(MnP)和漆酶(Lac)分别在培养第6d和第7d达到峰值,其酶活随时间的变化规律与摇瓶试验基本相同;而采用氮限制液体培养基进行补料没有获得更高的酶活,因此,可以得出采用发酵液体培养基作为补料液不利于白腐真菌持续产酶.另外,在分批发酵和分批补料发酵过程中,均发现体系pH值变化与白腐真菌生长和次生代谢产酶具有较好的相关性,当白腐真菌进入次生代谢阶段开始产酶时,体系pH值开始下降,随着发酵后期酶活的降低,pH值下降的幅度也逐渐变小,当体系酶活接近为0.0U/L时,pH值基本不再变化.因此,在实际发酵过程中,可以依据体系pH的变化间接了解白腐真菌的生长和产酶情况,而分批补料策略还有待于进一步研究.     

可控降解地膜应用现状及发展前景

地膜技术的引进给农民带来了巨大的经济效益和社会效益,促进了传统农业向现代化农业转变的科学技术.随之带来的白色污染又破坏了人们的生存环境,因此解决白色污染势在必行.本文对国内多个厂家提供的不同种类的可控降解膜由科研单位试验,结果证明;降解膜与普通地膜有同等的功效而且能够降解是我国地膜发展的方向.也是发展可持续性农业的必要前提.     

白腐真菌木质素降解酶的产生及其调控机制研究进展

以黄孢原毛平革菌为主,介绍了近年来白腐真菌木质素降解酶系的生理生化特性、基因组成及其调控的研究进展,并且对木质素降解酶系的外源性调控及其酶活的失活机制进行了综述.然而,尽管对白腐真菌木质素降解酶的研究已有很大的进展,但木质素降解酶的分子调控机制仍尚未明了,因此将白腐真菌实际应用于污染物的降解仍需进一步的研究.     

Estimate of zearalenone exposure through the intake of white and brown rice in the Korean population

Rice samples (n = 482) harvested for 2010–2012 in South Korea were analyzed for zearalenone content by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. The exposure of the Korean populations was assessed by a deterministic approach. Because the proportion of non-detectable results was >80% in white rice but less than <60% in brown rice, the zearalenone levels for white rice were reported as 0.52 µg kg^?1 as lower bound and 2.54 µg kg^?1 as upper bound, while for brown rice the middle bound value was 13.9 µg kg^?1. The average dietary intake of zearalenone from white and brown rice by the Korean population was estimated to be 1.5 ng kg^?1 body weight (bw) day^?1 each. For heavy consumers, the average intakes were 18.5 and 10.1 ng kg^?1 bw day^?1, respectively. The age groups with the highest zearalenone intake were 1–2-year-old children for white rice and 3–6-year-old children for brown rice. Overall, the dietary exposure of the Korean population to zearalenone from white and brown rice was found to be lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 0.5 μg kg^?1 bw day^?1.     

Trophy hunters’ willingness to pay for wildlife conservation and community benefits

In the face of fundamental land‐use changes, the potential for trophy hunting to contribute to conservation is increasingly recognized. Trophy hunting can, for example, provide economic incentives to protect wildlife populations and their habitat, but empirical studies on these relationships are few and tend to focus on the effects of benefit‐sharing schemes from an ex post perspective. We investigated the conditions under which trophy hunting could facilitate wildlife conservation in Ethiopia ex ante. We used a choice experiment approach to survey international trophy hunters’ (n = 224) preferences for trips to Ethiopia, here operationalized as trade‐offs between different attributes of a hunting package, as expressed through choices with an associated willingness to pay. Participants expressed strong preferences and, consequently, were willing to pay substantial premiums for hunting trips to areas with abundant nontarget wildlife where domestic livestock was absent and for arrangements that offered benefit sharing with local communities. For example, within the range of percentages considered in the survey, respondents were on average willing to pay an additional $3900 for every 10 percentage points of the revenue being given to local communities. By contrast, respondents were less supportive of hunting revenue being retained by governmental bodies: Willingness to pay decreased by $1900 for every 10 percentage points of the revenue given to government. Hunters’ preferences for such attributes of hunting trips differed depending on the degree to which they declared an interest in Ethiopian culture, nature conservation, or believed Ethiopia to be politically unstable. Overall, respondents thus expressly valued the outcomes of nature conservation activities—the presence of wildlife in hunting areas—and they were willing to pay for them. Our findings highlight the usefulness of insights from choice modeling for the design of wildlife management and conservation policies and suggest that trophy hunting in Ethiopia could generate substantially more financial support for conservation and be more in line with conservation objectives than is currently the case.     

Changes in hematological parameters of Rana frogs in a transformed urban environment

Hematological parameters of green frogs from populations exposed to the influence of urbanization and pollution were studied from 1999 to 2004. Manifestations of an adaptive response to a complex of corresponding ecological factors were observed, including the development of immune response and the enhancement of the protective function of peripheral blood. A negative correlation was revealed between the integrated index of the immune status and the number of T cells in the peripheral blood. This is evidence that parameters of the T-cell subpopulation are most informative and, therefore, have special significance for assessing the balance of immune system components.     

白色污染及其防治技术的思考

在分析白色污染产生的背景及其对环境危害的基础上,就其处理技术,包括分离、再生处理和再资源化等技术进行了讨论,提出了应该综合治理白色污染的措施和方案。     

涂布白板纸废水的处理与回用

主要介绍 佛山华 丰纸业有 限公司１５ ０００ｔ／ ｄ 废水处 理工程。 采用网筛 微滤 混凝沉 淀 气 浮工艺处理 以废报 纸和废杂 纸为主要 造纸原 料的废水 。该法通 过微 滤回 收纸 浆纤 维、混 凝沉 淀和 气浮去处涂 布白板 纸废水的 主要污染 物。悬 浮物 去 除率 高达 ９８５ ％ 以上 ， Ｃ Ｏ Ｄ Ｃｒ 和 Ｂ Ｏ Ｄ５ 去除 率 分别为９１７ ％ 和 ８６９ ％ 。该法每 天可从 涂布白板 纸废水 中直 接回 收 ５ｔ 纸 浆 纤维 用 于再 造纸 ，经 处理后的废 水供车 间闭路循 环使用， 实现零排 放     

黄孢原毛平革菌P450对难降解有机物降解的研究现状

难降解有机物由于具有极大的环境危害,已成为环境保护的一大难题.其降解的主要研究方向是依靠微生物的降解功能.黄孢原毛平革菌(P.C.菌)是研究异源物质代谢最广泛的白腐真菌.目前的研究主要集中在胞外木质过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶,而对胞内细胞色素P450降解功能的研究还很少.