浮游动物在生物操纵法除藻中的作用研究

采用室外现场实验和室内受控生态系统实验相结合的方法,研究了富营养化水体中浮游动物对藻类生长的控制作用。对浮游动物与藻类的计数与测量数据,利用SPSS统计软件进行了方差分析(LSD多重比较法)和相关性分析。实验结果显示,总磷含量比总氮含量对浮游动物生长的影响更大。浮游动物与藻类之间呈现显著或极显著相关关系,说明浮游动物群体,尤其甲壳类群体,在适当条件下对藻类群体以及其中的蓝藻有一定的控制作用。适当的鱼类密度下,浮游动物能够起有效的控藻作用,但鱼类密度过高会抑制该作用。底泥在生态系统中起重要作用,能够影响浮游动物对藻类的摄食力。     

热带城市湖泊生态恢复中水生植被、浮游动物和鱼类的关系研究

惠州西湖是典型的热带浅水富营养化湖泊,通过建立示范区,进行了鱼类调控和水生植被修复,示范区的水质得到显著改善。作者从2006年3月到9月对水生植被、浮游动物和鱼类进行采样分析。结果表明,水生植被的生物量3月份时为1.249kg·m-2,到9月份逐步增加到9.167kg·m-2,鱼类生物量在研究期间有所下降,渔获量从3月份的17.5kg到9月份时降低至7.61kg,示范区浮游动物丰度低于平湖,其中大型浮游动物丰度高于平湖,轮虫丰度则呈缩减,示范区和未进行修复的平湖浮游动物体长均主要分布在0到0.2mm之间,体长大于0.6mm的分布比例示范区的是未修复平湖的两倍,浮游动物的生物量二者差别不大。     

Using Multiple Taxonomic Groups to Index the Ecological Condition of Lakes

Biological indicators of communitiestypically reflect a common environmental signalreflecting the general condition of the ecosystem, as well asindividual signals by indicators differentiallysensitive to particular environmental conditions. Wedescribe here a method of integrating and interpretingsuch indicators from 19 New England lakes for fivetaxonomic groups (diatoms, benthos, zooplankton, fish,and birds). Our approach provides a systematicstandardized way to integrate multiple metrics fromdifferent taxonomic groups by addressing four elementscrucial to analyzing data from multiple indicators: covariate control, re-scaling of data, standardizing the sign of responses, and dimensional reduction. We evaluated the biologicalmetrics against individual environmental stressors andagainst multivariate physicochemical metricscharacterizing general anthropogenic stress among thelakes. The method detected a response to variationin the gross environmental condition of the lakes thatwas correlated across taxa and metrics. In addition,a differential response to near shore conditions wasdemonstrated for fish. The success of the approach inthis study lends support to its general application toecological monitoring involving complex data sets.     

长江口南北支浮游动物群落生态学研究

长江口特殊的生态环境使得浮游动物的种类组成、密度和时空分布等生态特征有别于其它水体。2005年秋季(丰水期)和2006年春季(枯水期)对长江口南北支浮游动物进行了2个航次的调查,沿南北支由西向东设立3个采样断面共20个采样点。共采集到浮游动物227种,其中轮虫65种,原生动物107种,枝角类15种,桡足类40种。优势种包括龟甲轮虫(Keratella)、刺簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、砂壳虫(Difflugia)、表壳虫(Arcella)、砂壳纤毛虫(Tintinnid)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)、广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)、象鼻溞(Bosmina)等。文章对南北两支浮游动物的种类组成和结构进行了比较,南支浮游动物的种类、数量及生物多样都高于北支,南北两支的浮游动物群落相似度很低。南北两支水域环境的不同造成其浮游动物群落结构的较大差异,文章分析了环境因子与浮游动物群落结构的相关性,其中水温是重要的影响因素,水温的季节性决定...     

浙江省水源地水库浮游动物食性功能群特征及水质响应

为探明浙江省水源地水库浮游动物食性功能群特征及其与水体综合营养状态指数(TLIc)的关系,达到用浮游动物食性功能群参数监测水源地水库水质的目的,于2014年1月—2018年10月对浙江省8座饮用水水源地水库(K1～K8)开展了水质参数及浮游动物食性功能群丰度、生物量、物种多样性指数季节性调查.采用多元逐步回归与通径分析...     

东海浮游多毛类环境适应分析

根据1997～2000年东海23°30′～33°N、118°30′～128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,采用拟合曲线方法,探讨浮游多毛类对温度和盐度的适应特征,分析不同物种的生态类型.结果表明,东海4季鉴定到种的浮游多毛类共有20种.其中,游蚕(Pelagobis longicirrata)、秀丽浮蚕(Tomopteris elegans)、等须浮蚕(Tomopteris duccii)、方背鳞虫(Lepidonotus squamatus)和岛居拟帚毛虫(Lygdamis nesiotes)等对温度变化不敏感,是广温种;秀丽浮蚕还具有广泛的盐度适应,是广盐种;太平洋浮蚕(Tomopteris pacifica)是热带大洋种,可作为暖流指示种;丝鳃稚齿虫(Prionospio malmgreni)是广温近海种;其它物种为亚热带外海种.与东海大多数浮游动物类群相同,多毛类以亚热带外海种为主.但是多毛类中广温种占有较大的比例,这是该类有别于其它浮游动物类群的重要特征.图2表3参20     

东海浮游多毛类的时空分布

根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°00′N、118°30′~128°00′E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,探讨了东海浮游多毛类数量变化、相应的动力学过程及与渔场的关系。结果表明:浮游多毛类秋季平均丰度为23.68×10-2/m3,夏季8.59×10-2/m3,冬季5.80×10-2/m3,春季最低(1.20×10-2/m3);温度在多毛类丰度的季节变化中起主要作用,盐度次之。除了秋季,其他季节多毛类丰度平面分布较为均匀。多毛类的数量波动,与东海暖流势力消长和沿岸水有密切的联系,也同暖流势力从夏季到秋季维持一段时间有密切关系。     

河北沿岸春季和夏季的浮游动物

2004年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)用浅海I型I、I型标准浮游生物网在河北沿岸22 km以内近岸海域进行了浮游动物生态调查。结果显示,春季仅记录37种浮游动物,而夏季记录60种浮游动物。浮游动物总生物量以春季为高,平均为886 mg/m3;夏季为低,平均为234 mg/m3。中华哲水蚤,腹针胸刺水蚤,双毛纺锤水蚤为春季优势种;强壮箭虫,小拟哲水蚤,拟长腹剑水蚤为夏季优势种。     

基于浮游动物完整性的扎龙湿地水生态状况评价

2019年5、8、10月分别对扎龙湿地春、夏、秋季的浮游动物进行采样调查,共发现浮游动物4门类44属72种,轮虫20属36种,原生动物13属20种,枝角类6属8种,桡足类5属8种。确定9个参照点和15个受损点,共选取24个候选生物指标,构建扎龙湿地浮游动物完整性指数,核心指标由总分类单元数、枝角类分类单元数、枝角类生物量、Margalef丰富度指数和中型浮游动物捕食者组成。采用比值法对0~2.91分布范围数值进行三等分,建立扎龙湿地浮游动物完整性指数(Z-IBI)健康评价标准:02.91时,无干扰。表明扎龙湿地87.5%受到不同程度的干扰,12.5%无干扰。     

Composition and Some Ecological Features of Winter Zooplankton in Deep Stratified Lakes

For the first time, zooplankton and environmental factors have been studied in winter in the deep stratified lakes Siverskoe, Borodaevskoe, and Vydogoshch. The zooplankton consists of 18–22 species of rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans, including 15–18 specifically winter, cryophilic and eurythermic forms. The populations of zooplankters reproduce actively: males and egg-bearing females (in copepods), females with embryos and eggs in brood pouches (in cladocerans), and females with attached eggs (in rotifers) are present. In lakes Siverskoe and Borodaevskoe (depth 20–24 m), where oxygen deficiency is observed only in the bottom water layer, the zooplankton populates the greater part of the water column and forms a large aggregation in the oxycline and near the bottom. The abundance of bacteria in these zones is high (up to 4–6 × 10⁶ cells/ml). In Lake Vydogoshch (depth 16 m), oxygen deficiency extends to the middle layers, and all zooplankton is distributed above the oxycline. The biomass of winter zooplankton in Lake Siverskoe in 1983 averaged 1.26 g/m³, with a maximum of 4 g/m³; in 1993, 1.4 and 8.04 g/m²; the respective values in Lake Borodaevskoe were 0.98 and 3.1 in 1983 and 0.14 and 1.6 in 1993; in Lake Vydogoshch, 0.15 and 0.24 in 1983 and 1.25 g/m³ in 1993. The development of winter zooplankton is limited by the size of the zone of oxygen deficiency and depends on the amount of food (bacterioplankton). The distribution of zooplankton in the water column and its biomass in individual layers is determined by the rate of methane formation and oxidation.__________Translated from Ekologiya, No. 3, 2005, pp. 201–214.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Rivier.