Prymnesium parvum Population Dynamics During Bloom Development: A Role Assessment of Grazers and Virus1

Schwierzke, Leslie, Daniel L. Roelke, Bryan W. Brooks, James P. Grover, Theodore W. Valenti, Jr., Mieke Lahousse, Carrie J. Miller, and James L. Pinckney, 2010. Prymnesium parvum Population Dynamics During Bloom Development: A Role Assessment of Grazers and Virus. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):63-75. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00391.x Abstract: The toxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum is a harmful alga known to cause fish-killing blooms that occur worldwide. In Texas (United States), P. parvum blooms occur in inland brackish water bodies and have increased in frequency and magnitude in recent years. In this study we conducted three consecutive field experiments (Lake Whitney) to investigate the influence of zooplankton and viruses on P. parvum bloom dynamics during the time of year when blooms are still typically active in Texas (early spring). A localized P. parvum bloom developed during our study that involved increasing levels of toxicity (based on Pimephales promelas and Daphnia magna bioassays). Only in our last experiment, during later stages of bloom development and under highly toxic conditions, did the presence of grazers show a statistically significant, negative effect on P. parvum population dynamics. During this experiment, a rotifer-dominated zooplankton community emerged, composed mostly of Notholca laurentiae, suggesting that this species was less sensitive than other grazers to toxins produced by P. parvum. Microzooplankton may have also been important at this time. Similarly, only our final experiment demonstrated a statistically significant, negative effect of viruses on P. parvum. This exploratory study, resulting in observed impacts on P. parvum populations by both grazers and virus, enhances our understanding of P. parvum ecology and highlights direction for future studies on resistance of zooplankton to prymnesin toxins and algal-virus interactions.     

热带城市湖泊生态恢复中水生植被、浮游动物和鱼类的关系研究

惠州西湖是典型的热带浅水富营养化湖泊,通过建立示范区,进行了鱼类调控和水生植被修复,示范区的水质得到显著改善。作者从2006年3月到9月对水生植被、浮游动物和鱼类进行采样分析。结果表明,水生植被的生物量3月份时为1.249kg·m-2,到9月份逐步增加到9.167kg·m-2,鱼类生物量在研究期间有所下降,渔获量从3月份的17.5kg到9月份时降低至7.61kg,示范区浮游动物丰度低于平湖,其中大型浮游动物丰度高于平湖,轮虫丰度则呈缩减,示范区和未进行修复的平湖浮游动物体长均主要分布在0到0.2mm之间,体长大于0.6mm的分布比例示范区的是未修复平湖的两倍,浮游动物的生物量二者差别不大。     

博斯腾湖浮游动物的调查研究

通过1987年7月至1989年9月的野外调查和实验室测试,对新疆博斯腾湖大湖区域五个小区浮游动物种群结构、数量和优势种进行了研究.查明浮游动物58属103种,以原生动物和轮虫占优势,年平均数量 776个/ L.博斯腾湖可列为中营养湖泊.     

浙江省水源地水库浮游动物食性功能群特征及水质响应

为探明浙江省水源地水库浮游动物食性功能群特征及其与水体综合营养状态指数(TLIc)的关系,达到用浮游动物食性功能群参数监测水源地水库水质的目的,于2014年1月—2018年10月对浙江省8座饮用水水源地水库(K1～K8)开展了水质参数及浮游动物食性功能群丰度、生物量、物种多样性指数季节性调查.采用多元逐步回归与通径分析...     

东平湖浮游动物对南水北调东线运行的时空响应

东平湖是南水北调东线工程输水线路下游的最后一个调蓄湖泊.为探究调水后的东平湖浮游动物时空响应,于2016—2017年对东平湖浮游动物进行了涵盖春(4月)、夏(7月)、秋(10月)、冬(1月)的4次调查,共检出浮游动物3类72种(属),其中,轮虫51种(70.83％)、枝角类11种(15.28％)、桡足类10种(13.8...     

基于浮游动物完整性的扎龙湿地水生态状况评价

2019年5、8、10月分别对扎龙湿地春、夏、秋季的浮游动物进行采样调查,共发现浮游动物4门类44属72种,轮虫20属36种,原生动物13属20种,枝角类6属8种,桡足类5属8种。确定9个参照点和15个受损点,共选取24个候选生物指标,构建扎龙湿地浮游动物完整性指数,核心指标由总分类单元数、枝角类分类单元数、枝角类生物量、Margalef丰富度指数和中型浮游动物捕食者组成。采用比值法对0~2.91分布范围数值进行三等分,建立扎龙湿地浮游动物完整性指数(Z-IBI)健康评价标准:02.91时,无干扰。表明扎龙湿地87.5%受到不同程度的干扰,12.5%无干扰。     

东海近海春季赤潮发生与浮游动物群落结构的关系

依据2002～2003年东海赤潮高发区(122～12330E、29～32N)及东海122～125E、29～32N海域4季综合调查资料,探讨东海近海春季赤潮爆发的生物学特征.结果表明,东海赤潮高发区浮游动物(网目孔径0.505mm)总生物量4季平均为170.75mg/m³,春季略低于夏季,明显高于秋、冬季.春季浮游动物生物量高,种类数及优势种种数(3种)相对较少,并呈现出单一优势种的优势度和平均丰度高,多样性指数均值低(1.78)的特征.随着冬季到春季水温逐渐升高,该水域生物量迅速上升,优势种种数却没有同步升高,仅有个别优势种,如中华哲水蚤(Calanussinicus)种群数量得到迅速的增长(平均丰度142.10mg/m³,占总丰度68.09%).这种生物量与群落变化的不同步、不对称性导致浮游动物群落结构的脆弱性,形成了东海近海春季赤潮发生的生物环境特征.     

太湖梅梁湾浮游动物群落结构长期变化特征(1997~2017年)

浮游动物作为水体食物链的重要组成部分,在湖泊生态系统中发挥着重要作用.然而,作为水质重要监测指标,由于浮游动物群落结构长期连续监测数据的缺失,导致关于浮游动物群落结构长期变化特征的认识较为缺乏.基于太湖梅梁湾1997~2017年逐月连续监测数据,研究了浮游动物群落结构的长期变化特征,探讨了其与环境因子的关系.结果显示,在此期间,太湖梅梁湾浮游动物丰度和生物量均显著下降（P<0.05）.其中,轮虫和桡足类丰度和生物量均缓慢下降,枝角类丰度处于波动而生物量表现为显著下降（P<0.05）.枝角类生物量对太湖梅梁湾浮游动物生物量的贡献最大.小型的枝角类和桡足类的优势度随着轮虫丰度的降低而增大,浮游动物的平均体型显著减小（P<0.05）,浮游动物呈现出小型化演化特征,并潜在减弱对浮游植物的下行效应.此外,浮游动物丰度和生物量在春季呈上升趋势而在秋冬季呈下降趋势,并在9月达到最大值1406.70 ind.·L^-1和25.64 mg·L^-1.而在夏季它们的变化趋势则相反.Pearson相关性分析显示,浮游动物群落结构主要与水体物理特征（碱度、电导率、水深、悬浮物质和水温）、叶绿素a和氮元素密切相关（P<0.05）,说明太湖梅梁湾水体富营养化对浮游动物的群落结构具有重要影响.     

Effects of acidification on aquatic ecosystems

Effects of acidification on aquatic ecosystems are analyzed on the basis of an analytical synopsis of relevant data. Major active agents influencing aquatic organisms and main trends in the reorganization of microbial, phyto- and zooplanktonic, benthic, and fish communities in an acidified environment are described. A generalized concept of changes in ecosystems caused by acid precipitation and accompanying factors is formulated. These changes include the reduction of biodiversity of all structural elements due to the disappearance of species sensitive to acidification, modification of trophic structure, and decrease of fish stock.Translated from Ekologiya, No. 2, 2005, pp. 110–119.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Moiseenko.