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81.
长江口九段沙附近水域浮游动物时空分布及其与环境因子的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究九段沙附近水域浮游动物(包括轮虫、桡足类和枝角类)群落结构、丰度的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2012年分季度进行了采样调查.该水域共检出浮游动物37种,其中轮虫31种,桡足类5种,枝角类1种.浮游动物丰度存在一定的季节差异,空间分布差异性极显著(p<0.01).轮虫和桡足类在河口集中分布的区域不同,枝角类数量极少.通过对生物指标与环境因子的相关性分析,发现该区域浮游动物主要受温度、盐度、营养盐(TN、TP)、叶绿素a的影响.与前人研究比对,九段沙附近水域浮游动物种类数有增加趋势,优势种由原来较为单一向多元化发展,且一些富营养指示种现已成为优势类群.研究表明,该水域目前的生态环境状况不容乐观,周边环境压力值得重视. 相似文献
82.
Steven L. Serns 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1975,11(6):1221-1232
ABSTRACT: Zooplankton samples and dissolved oxygen-temperature readings and water samples were taken from a treatment and control pond on 41 and 42 separate occasions, respectively, both before and after the application of 5.0 mg/l (a.i.) dipotassium endothall to the 0.31 ha treatment pond on May 31, 1973. Seasonal fluctuations in the density of Cladocera and Copepoda coincided quite closely in both ponds and were similar to the fluctuations reported in the literature to be typical of temperate region ponds and lakes. An apparent seasonal shift in generic composition from .Daphnia spp. in May to Ceriodaphnia spp. in June to Chydorus spp. from July/early September occurred in both ponds and is thought to be at least partially due to fish predation. No apparent changes in species composition or generic densities of Cladocerans was noted in the treatment pond that did not also occur in the control pond. There were no noticeable effects of the dipotassium endothall on either the Calanoida or Cyclopoida suborders of Copepoda. A later pulse of Ostracoda in the treatment pond, when compared to the control, may have been due to the dipotassium endothall or to a combination of the effects of the herbicide on the macrophytes and the method of sampling. A decrease in dissolved oxygen below saturation, occurring in the treated pond from 3–21 days after treatment, was attributed to an increase in biological oxygen demand associated with weed-kill. There was no noticeable increase in plant nutrients (N and P) in the treated pond following herbicide application, nor were there any apparent changes in the other chemical parameters studied. 相似文献
83.
长江口水域浮游动物生物量及其年间变化 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
根据2000~2003年长江口邻近海域2个季节8个航次海洋调查资料,对长江口邻近海域浮游动物生物量及其年间变化进行研究。结果表明:5月高生物量分布区在交汇水团的海水一侧,而交汇水团的淡水一侧生物量较低。8月高生物量分布在交汇水团的两侧,交汇水团的生物量较低。长江口生物量的年间变动与外海水势力有关。高生物量分布区往往位于长江口水域的东侧,当外海暖水势力强盛时,高生物量分布区向长江口伸展,使整个水域浮游动物生物量增高,而当外海暖水势力较弱时,高生物量分布区范围缩小。2001至2003年浮游动物生物量逐年迅速降低与此有密切的关系。浮游动物优势种组成及丰度变化是影响长江口饵料生物量变化的重要因素。 相似文献
84.
为解决水源水中孳生的水蚤类浮游动物难以被常规的水处理工艺有效地去除,困扰水厂正常生产运行的问题,进行了O3氧化、H2O2氧化和O3/H2O2高级氧化对水体中剑水蚤类浮游动物灭活效果的试验研究.发现3种方法中,O3/H2O2联合时除蚤效果最佳,在蒸馏水中投量为O31.0mg/L、H2O24mg/L时,接触30min达到100%的灭蚤率;单独O3氧化效果也较好,投加1.0mg/L的灭蚤率为80%;H2O2氧化效果不理想,投加4mg/L几乎无灭蚤效果.进而考察确定了O3/H2O2灭活剑水蚤的最佳工艺条件为:先加O3后加H2O2,投加间隔时间30~60s为宜;并探讨了H2O2投量、水体pH值以及有机物含量对O3/H2O2系统灭活剑水蚤效果的影响.试验中发现H2O2投量在4~10mg/L之间效果无较大变化,有机物含量对灭蚤影响较大,pH值的影响则较小.最后对O3/H2O2预氧化与水处理混凝沉淀工艺的协同除蚤效能进行了考察.结果表明,O3/H2O2预氧化与水处理混凝沉淀工艺的协同作用将会进一步提高除蚤的效果. 相似文献
85.
Strongly decreasing atmospheric emissions and acidic deposition during the 1990s have initiated chemical reversal from acidification
in several drinking-water reservoirs of the Erzgebirge, SE Germany. We studied responses of phytoplankton, zooplankton and
fish stocks in five reservoirs and at enclosure scale after experimental neutralization of 1,200 m3 of lake water. About 4 months after this treatment, diatoms and cryptomonads replaced the predominating chrysophytes and
dinoflagellates. The colonization by acid-sensitive species of green algae, cryptomonads, rotifers and Cladocera (e.g. Bosmina longirostris) is explained by the occurrence of dormant stages or by survival of individuals in very low abundances. Analogous to the
enclosure experiment, three reservoirs showed significantly (p < 0.01) falling trends of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton biovolume, mainly due to the decline of dinoflagellates. Picoplankton and diatoms increased slightly in
two reservoirs. The zooplankton communities were dominated by rotifers and small Cladocera. Representatives of the genus Daphnia were lacking. Two reservoirs were re-colonized by zooplanktivorous fish populations of either perch (Perca fluviatilis) or sunbleak (Leucaspius delineatus). The latter exhibited extremely high fluctuating abundance and biomass and even suffered from a population crash. This natural
mortality was caused by a limited food supply. Hence, severe top-down control may delay the recovery of larger zooplankton
species like daphnids. Fishery management comprising the introduction of predatory fishes can help to control zooplanktivorous
fish populations and to prevent their mass mortality. 相似文献
86.
Jill Melcher Michael J. Sebetich 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(6):949-958
ABSTRACT: It is suggested that new impoundments undergo an initial period of trophic upsurge lasting one to three years because of organic detritus and inorganic nutrients from the inundated basin. The new Monksville Reservoir in Passaic County, New Jersey, provided an opportunity to study the accelerated transformation of the Wanaque River into a 200-ha lake and to compare productivity with the older Wanaque Reservoir located immediately downstream. A one-year investigation of both reservoirs was conducted during 1988. The primary productivity (0.547 g C m?2 d?1) of the new Monksville Reservoir was not significantly different from that of the established Wanaque Reservoir (0.668 g C m?2 d?1). Mean surface chlorophyll a concentrations were similar (3.0–4.0 μg 1?1), although the Monksville Reservoir exhibited more pronounced chlorophyll peaks in spring and late autumn. Phytoplankton and zooplankton populations were consistently larger and fluctuated sharply in the Monksville Reservoir. Both reservoirs became thermally stratified, but only the Monksville Reservoir developed a metalimnetic dissolved oxygen minimum. The results demonstrated that the predicted trophic upsurge in the new reservoir did not occur in the first year therefore, the ecosystem dynamics did not fit the model for larger reservoirs. 相似文献
87.
Using Temporal Coherence to Determine the Response to Climate Change in Boreal Shield Lakes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Arnott SE Keller B Dillon PJ Yan N Paterson M Findlay D 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,88(1-3):365-388
Climate change is expected to have important impacts on aquatic ecosystems. On the Boreal Shield, mean annual air temperatures are expected to increase 2 to 4°C over the next 50 years. An important challenge is to predict how changes in climate and climate variability will impact natural systems so that sustainable management policies can be implemented. To predict responses to complex ecosystem changes associated with climate change, we used long-term biotic databases to evaluate how important elements of the biota in Boreal Shield lakes have responded to past fluctuations in climate. Our long-term records span a two decade period where there have been unusually cold years and unusually warm years. We used coherence analyses to test for regionally operating controls on climate, water temperature, pH, and plankton richness and abundance in three regions across Ontario: the Experimental Lakes Area, Sudbury, and Dorset. Inter-annual variation in air temperature was similar among regions, but there was a weak relationship among regions for precipitation. While air temperature was closely related to lake surface temperatures in each of the regions, there were weak relationships between lake surface temperature and richness or abundance of the plankton. However, inter-annual changes in lake chemistry (i.e., pH) were correlated with some biotic variables. In some lakes in Sudbury and Dorset, pH was dependent on extreme events. For example, El Nino related droughts resulted in acidification pulses in some lakes that influenced phytoplankton and zooplankton richness. These results suggest that there can be strong heterogeneity in lake ecosystem responses within and across regions. 相似文献
88.
89.
杭州湾生态监控区浮游动物多样性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据2004年5、8月2个航次杭州湾生态监控区浮游动物的监测资料,对浮游动物的种类组成和多样性进行了研究。结果表明,2个航次杭州湾生态监控区共监测到浮游动物49种,隶属于11大类,以桡足类为主,有21种;水母类5种;糠虾类4种;毛颚类3种;幼虫7种;磷虾类、樱虾类、端足类、十足类和多毛类各1种,其他类4种。生物量在8.3-400.0 mg/m3,栖息密度在22.5-285.0个/m3,平均栖息密度为116.25个/m3;5月大于8月。多样性指数在1.64-3.41,5、8月杭州湾浮游动物的多样性阈值平均为1.7、2.1,多样性水平Ⅲ级,显示杭州湾生态监控区浮游动物多样性较好。 相似文献
90.
杞麓湖是云贵高原典型的重富营养化湖泊,水生态系统已严重退化.为揭示杞麓湖浮游生物群落季节性演替规律,阐明浮游生物群落季节性演替的驱动因子,于2017-2018年对杞麓湖浮游生物及水质理化参数进行季节采样调查和浮游生物群落结构特征分析,并运用CCA(典范对应分析)方法分析浮游植物群落组成与环境因子的关系.结果表明:①杞麓湖夏季营养状态最高,达重度富营养水平,春秋冬三季均为中度富营养.水体SD(透明度)春季最高,夏季最低;ρ(Chla)、ρ(CODMn)均为夏季最高,冬季最低;ρ(TN)冬季最高,秋季最低;ρ(TP)春夏最高,冬季最低.②杞麓湖浮游植物共6门163种(其中包括8个变种).浮游植物密度春季最低(0.66×108 L-1)而秋季最高(16.08×108 L-1),主要为蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门.其中,春季优势种为微细转板藻(Mougeotia parvula);夏季优势种为孟氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix mougeotii);秋冬季的优势种均为阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii).③杞麓湖浮游动物32种,浮游动物密度冬季最低(13.2 ind./L)而夏季最高(3 696.0 ind./L).其中,春季优势种为曲腿龟甲轮虫(Keratella valga),夏季优势种为前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta),秋季优势种为螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis),而冬季优势种为桡足类幼体.研究显示,杞麓湖浮游动植物群落季节性演替明显,ρ(DTP)(DTP为溶解态磷)、ρ(TP)、ρ(NH3-N)、ρ(CODMn)和WT(水温)是影响杞麓湖浮游植物群落季节性演替的主要驱动因子. 相似文献