脑力疲劳与非疲劳状态眼动指标的判别

为研究利用眼动指标(注视点个数FC、平均注视时间AFD、平均眼跳幅度ASA、最大瞳孔面积Pupil Max及反应时RD)对脑力疲劳状态进行判定,通过眼动追踪技术,测试了不同脑力疲劳程度的眼动指标值并进行分析。结果表明:1)通过FC、AFD、ASA和Pupil Max四个眼动指标可以判定被试者所处的疲劳状态; 2)当测试者注视点个数FC处于(11,13)区间,平均注视时间AFD处于(328,409)区间,平均眼跳幅度ASA处于(5,7)区间,最大瞳孔面积Pupil Max处于(992,1 124)区间时为非疲劳状态;当FC处于(7,10)区间,AFD处于(263,319)区间,ASA处于(2,4)区间,最大瞳孔面积Pupil Max处于(584,935)时可以认定被试者为疲劳状态。     

重庆市渝中区臭氧时空变化规律因素分析研究

臭氧是城市光化学烟雾的主要成分,同时也是重要的温室气体,因此臭氧污染已经成为城市空气质量的重要因素.对重庆市渝中区2015年3个空气质量自动监测点臭氧浓度进行比较,并分析了臭氧与环境、日照、气温、挥发性有机物、NO2、PM10、PM2.5的相关性.结果表明:臭氧浓度与监测点周围环境有关;臭氧浓度呈典型的季节变化趋势,与日照、气温呈明显的正相关;臭氧浓度小时值变化出现明显的日变化规律;臭氧浓度与挥发性有机物呈正相关,与NO2、PM10、PM2.5有较好的负相关性.     

基于地域性的三种污泥干化工艺的经济性比较

随着城市污水排放量的增多和成分的复杂化,污泥处理已成为污水处理厂面临的最大难题。脱水污泥含水率高,不利于后续的处理与再利用。污泥热干化可将污泥含水率降至10%~40%,但该过程耗能大,会大幅增加污泥处理成本,不利于污泥处理技术的推广应用。以拉萨、上海、重庆为例,分别对带式干化、热泵-太阳能干化、热泵-太阳能-蓄热干化3种污泥干化工艺的经济性进行分析,阐明了不同干化方式的适用特点,为相变蓄热技术在污泥干化中的推广应用提供了技术参考。     

汞的树木年轮化学研究进展

由于可以有效揭示重金属污染的时间变化序列,近年来,树木年轮被广泛应用于环境重金属污染的历史追溯。年轮化学技术也被应用于示踪某地区的汞污染历史,本文系统介绍了利用树木年轮化学对汞污染积累历史进行追溯研究的相关研究成果,包括样品采集与处理、含量测定及数据分析,并对木质汞来源进行了讨论,最后对汞年轮化学研究的未来发展进行了展望。     

沂沭河流域7 470~2 550 a BP气候变化的元素地球化学记录

地球化学元素比值的变化不仅可以指示气候变化和环境特征,也可以揭示气候异常和突变性气候事件。本文通过对沂沭河流域沭埠岭剖面沉积物淋溶系数、残积系数、CaO/MgO、硅铝率、硅铝铁率等气候代用指标的分析,发现研究区7 470~2550 a BP期间的气候变化经历了五个阶段:(1)7 472~6 043 a BP,气候趋向温暖湿润;(2)6 043~4 801 a BP,稳定的暖湿时期;(3)4 801~3 986 a BP,气候向冷干转变;(4)3 986~3 512 a BP,不稳定时期;(5)3 512~2 552 a BP,气候不稳定的波动时期。     

石羊河流域降水化学特征时空变化及来源浅析

运用相关分析、因子分析、富集因子和HYSPLIT模型对石羊河流域从2013年7月到2014年7月连续收集降水样品的主要离子浓度特征及来源进行了探讨分析,结果表明,Ca~(2+)和Na~+是主要的阳离子,SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-是主要的阴离子,石羊河流域的主要降水类型为SO_4~(2-)-NO_3~--Ca~(2+);石羊河流域的总离子浓度的季节大小变化顺序为冬季春季秋季夏季,石羊河流域的降水水化学主要受地壳源和人为源的影响;石羊河流域的降水类型分为季风降水、西风降水和混合降水,而混合降水是石羊河流域的主要降水类型,其次为西风降水,最后为季风降水。     

香溪河岩溶流域水文地球化学特征分析

湖北宜昌香溪河流域碳酸盐岩分布广泛,岩溶地下水是当地居民的重要供水来源,研究地下水水化学组成的形成及内在规律,对当地地下水合理开发利用具有重要意义。以岩溶水为重点研究对象,并结合与岩溶水联系密切的降水、相邻非碳酸盐岩地下水、地表水,分析了香溪河流域水文地球化学特征。结果表明:研究区降水属于矿化度和硬度均低的弱酸性水,具有较强的侵蚀作用;研究区地表水化学组成是地层岩性比例的反映,干流受农业影响大而受工业活动影响小;受山区地形控制,研究区地下水矿化度较低,矿化度主要集中在150~300mg/L,并受地层岩性影响,碳酸盐岩裂隙水、岩浆岩裂隙水与碎屑岩裂隙水化学组成有所差异,总体来说水化学类型以HCO3-Ca型、HCO3-Ca+Mg型和HCO3-Mg+Ca型为主,同时受降水和温度影响,不同季节矿物溶解特点不一,地下水水质受农业药物影响程度较低。     

An empirical research on the determinants of Chinese college students’ carbon label cognition and interpersonal communication willingness

Carbon labels are innovative medium and tools for climate change communication and low-carbon marketing. This study aims at examining how college students are aware of low-carbon and carbon labels, whether they are more willing to communicate low-carbon ideas, and also the determinants affecting their interpersonal communication of carbon labels. The multiple regression analysis shows that Chinese college students’ willingness of interpersonal communication of carbon labels are significantly influenced by their awareness of climate change crisis, the perceived value of carbon labels, the consideration of product environmental attributes, the preferences of carbon labels, the household background, and their educational background. In response to these factors, this paper proposes, in a public perspective, the strategies to enhance the dissemination of carbon labels.     

Living at the Edge: Local versus Positional Factors in the Long‐Term Population Dynamics of an Endangered Orchid

Abstract: Populations at the margin of geographic ranges of distribution have been considered more vulnerable than central ones, but recent reviews have caste doubt on this generalization. We examined the reproductive and demographic performance of a rare Euroasiatic orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) at its southwesterly range limit and compared our findings with those of previous studies of nine central populations at the center of the orchid's range. We sought to test the central‐marginal model and to evaluate factors involved in long‐term performance of forest Eurosiberian species with peripheral populations in southern European mountains. We characterized (structure, temporal fluctuations, herbivory, reproductive success, and recruitment at different habitats) four Pyrenean populations of C. calceolus of different sizes (5–3500 ramets) and monitored three of them for up to 13 years. Two quantitative stochastic models (count data and matrix models) were used to assess population trends and viability and the effect of herbivory. Contrary to expectations, and despite the negative effect of sporadic events of herbivory, the peripheral populations we studied (except the smallest one) performed similarly or better than populations occurring in central part of the species’ range in terms of reproductive success and population growth rates. Landscape changes over the last 50 years suggest that natural reforestation could be involved in the success of this plant at its southern limit. Forest expansion in the mountain regions of southern Europe may provide new opportunities for plants with geographic distributions centered mainly at higher latitudes and give some hope for their recovery in future scenarios dominated by biodiversity loss.     

Assessing impacts on urban greenspace,waterways, and vegetation in urban planning

Parks, waterways, and vegetation enhance the well-being of urbanites and thus warrant consideration in planning and policy-making. It is, however, difficult to assess how land-use change may impact these features and how this in turn may impact well-being. I use a case-study approach to present a framework that combines geospatial and economic valuation techniques to generate indicators of the effects of land-use policies that alter these amenities on community well-being. This framework quantifies the impacts of land-use change on urban environmental amenities in a way that could help communities plan land use so as to maintain well-being as they urbanise.