塔里木河下游输水河道二侧地下水埋深动态变化

根据2000-2003年的实地监测资料,分析了塔里木河下游生态输水过程中河道二侧地下水埋深的动态变化及其对沿岸植被的影响,提出了进一步提高塔里木河下游生态输水效益和加强区域生态环境保护工作的对策建议。     

Concentrations and elemental composition of particulate matter in the Buenos Aires underground system

Total suspended particulate (TSP) samples have been collected at six stations in the C and B lines of the Buenos Aires underground system and, almost simultaneously, at six ground level sites outside and nearby the corresponding underground stations, in the Oct 2005/Oct 2006 period. All these samples were analyzed for mass and elemental Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations by using the Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. Mostly, TSP concentrations were found to be between 152 μg m⁻³ (25% percentile) and 270 μg m⁻³ (75% percentile) in the platform of the stations, while those in outside ambient air oscillated from 55 μg m⁻³ (25% percentile) to 137 μg m⁻³ (75% percentile). Moreover, experimental results indicate that TSP levels are comparable to those measured for other underground systems worldwide. Statistical results demonstrate that subway TSP levels are about 3 times larger on average than those for urban ambient air. The TSP levels inside stations and outdoors are poorly correlated, indicating that TSP levels in the metro system are mainly influenced by internal sources.Regarding metal concentrations, the most enriched element in TSP samples was Fe, the levels of which ranged from 36 (25% percentile) to 86 μg m⁻³ (75% percentile) in Line C stations, while in Line B ones they varied between 8 μg m⁻³ (25% percentile) and 46 μg m⁻³ (75% percentile). As a comparison, Fe concentrations in ambient air oscillated between 0.7 μg m⁻³ (25% percentile) and 1.2 μg m⁻³ (75% percentile). Other enriched elements include Cu and Zn. With regard to their sources, Fe and Cu have been related to processes taking place inside the subway system, while Zn has been associated with outdoor vehicular traffic. Additionally, concerns about possible health implications based on comparisons to various indoor air quality limits and available toxicological information are discussed.     

建筑物应急疏散标识在干扰情境中的大学生视觉行为研究

为降低高校建筑物应急疏散标识周边干扰物对标识识别有效性的影响,找出干扰性最低的组合设计,通过引入尺寸、颜色、形状、位置4个参数,设计18种干扰情境,基于眼动技术,通过试验研究大学生在不同干扰情境下搜寻应急疏散标识的视觉行为.利用方差分析和F-聚类分析,对反应时间、首次进入兴趣区前用时、兴趣区首个注视点持续时间、扫视时间...     

考虑群组行为的楼梯瓶颈处行人流模拟

为探究楼梯瓶颈处群组行为对行人流通行效率的影响,基于校园内的观测试验获取群组运动参数,采用Anylogic仿真平台建立考虑群组行为特征的楼梯瓶颈处人员运动模型,根据不同的群组运动参数、楼梯几何参数和障碍物布置方式对行人流通行时间与密度分布的影响开展数值模拟。结果表明:较大的群组比例和群组规模均会延长行人流通行时间,增加通行过程中的拥堵持续时间;在链状构型下,群组通行效率较高,而并排构型对人员通行造成的负面影响最大;在有群组和无群组情况下,楼梯位置变化会产生相反的通行效果;平行放置障碍物可以有效降低人群密度,提高群组行人流的通行效率。     

综采搬家新技术与装备研究

通过对鄂尔多斯纳林庙煤矿二号井综采工作面搬家倒面设备、物流运输管理与控制、回撤巷道系统及其稳定性、工序控制、安装回撤技术等关键问题展开研究,采取了多种现场及流程控制措施,得到了一种有效的搬家新技术,最终实现了综采工作面＂安全、快速、优质＂的回撤安装。     

防护服对消防员工效性能影响的定量研究*

为开发高性能防护服以提升救援效率,基于人体试验,测量受试者穿戴灭火防护服、半封闭防化服、全封闭防化服以及基础服装（对照组）时静态条件下左右手握力值、疲劳度（RPE）和活动受限程度,通过方差分析、接受者操作特征（ROC）曲线图、相关性分析进行定量研究。研究结果表明:灭火防护服对消防员工效性能影响大于防化服,灭火防护服较对照组握力减小32%、RPE增大54%、活动受限程度增大35倍,且RPE和活动受限程度均与握力呈显著负相关（p<0.001）。研究结果可为消防员个体防护服装设计、测试、性能提升等提供理论支撑,也可为消防员生命安全保障研究提供基础数据。     

驾驶人认知分心识别随机森林模型研究

为识别驾驶人认知分心状态,招募13名驾驶人参与驾驶模拟器试验。通过眼动仪采集被试正常驾驶及认知分心状态下的眼动数据,提取5 s 时间窗口内的眼动特征。运用随机森林方法构建认知分心识别模型,应用网格搜索确定最优模型参数,并采用100次留出法评估模型性能。根据随机森林模型特征重要性度量结果,进一步分析认知负荷对驾驶人注视及眨眼持续时间的影响。结果表明:当决策树数量为125、最大特征数为5时,模型识别平均准确率为83.69%;注视持续时间及噪声持续时间是认知分心识别的2个关键特征,随着认知负荷的提高,驾驶人注视持续时间减少、眨眼时间增加。     

长江八里江江段江豚种群数量、行为及其活动规律与保护

1989－1999年,在长江八里江江段对江豚进行了28次往返观察和8次定点观察。结果表明,近10年八里江江段江豚种群数量遥感量逐年呈明显递减趋势,平均每年以7．3％速率递减;1996年后,枯水季节江豚不再进行江一湖迁移,其活动范围仅限于约20km长的八里江江口上下江段,较1993年以前缩短了约40km。江豚在八里江江段的行为多种多样,通过对江豚种群在八里江江段的集群、摄食、逃避、发情与交配、抚幼、歇息和玩耍行为的描述、比较和分析,认为长江八里江江段是江豚典型的摄食和抚幼场所,同时也是江豚大规模集群的适宜栖居地。提出了加强八里江江段江豚种群常年监测的必要性,并对八里江江段江豚种群的就地保护提出了建议。     

Analysis and Countermeasures on Effective Land Use of Rural Residential Area in Jinan, Shandong Province

With the improvement of urbanization and the expansion of urban size, the cultivated land decreases gradually but the demand for urban land increases, thereby resulting in the conflict of land use. Analyzing the status quo of land use of rural residential area, this paper points out that two main problems, namely, the low degree of land use, and the waste of land resources that are prevalent in the rural residential area. Based on the above analysis, the author states that the emphasis on land use will be the plain regions in the future, and adoption of reasonable economic measures will be the new solution to the problems.