Component modeling for the spatial representation of wildlife movements

This paper has two main objectives: (1) to discuss the basics of component modeling and its conceptual implications in environmental modeling; and (2) based on this discussion, to present a component-based design to support the simulation of wildlife movements. Components are independently developed, ready-to-use software units that can be assembled together to construct a modeling system. The conceptual implications of component modeling for the representation of environmental phenomena are discussed. A comparison is made between these conceptual implications and those of the more familiar object-oriented approach. A component-based design for supporting the simulation of wildlife movements is presented in this paper in order to illustrate how component modeling can be used to support the spatial representation of ecological phenomena and processes.     

大空间建筑内火灾烟气充填的研究

对烟气在大空间建筑内的充填规律作了分析，并在中国科技大学与香港理工大学合建的大空 间火灾实验厅内进行了若干轮试验。结果表明，在着火的初期阶段，大厅上部的烟气流动比较紊 乱，但在以后的大部分时间，烟气的充填过程仍可用火灾区域模拟方法计算。     

混合胁迫条件下蓝藻运动特性研究

为了探究混合控藻技术对蓝藻运动分布特性的影响,实验测定了太湖蓝藻在不同光照度、温度、压力等条件下的上浮/下沉速度.蓝藻在1 500~6 000 lx光照度范围内均表现出很强的上浮性能,光照度大于1 500 lx时,上浮速度大于0.8cm·min-1的藻颗粒占58%;当光照度小于1 500 lx或大于6 000 lx时上浮速度将减弱.在8~25℃环境下,蓝藻呈上浮运动,且随着温度的升高,上浮速度增加.在0~0.1 MPa压强条件下蓝藻上浮,且随着压强的增加上浮速度减慢;当压强达到0.2~0.3 MPa时大部分蓝藻悬浮于水中,只有少部分上浮或下沉;当压强达到0.4~0.6 MPa时,蓝藻明显下沉,且随着压强的增加下沉速度增大,0.6 MPa压强下,下沉速度大于1.0 cm·min-1的藻颗粒占52.5%.当外界压力超过藻细胞气囊所能承受的范围,气囊开始破裂,藻细胞的浮力变小直至小于其重力,导致藻颗粒下沉.常压下,藻颗粒粒径越大,上浮速度越快,密度越小;高压下,藻颗粒粒径越大,下沉速度越快,密度越大.     

地暖采暖单层大空间中火灾烟气下降规律及控制研究

模拟实际地暖采暖空间建立小规模试验装置,研究了该环境中的烟气下降规律及其危险性.结果表明,地暖采暖环境加速了烟气的发展速度,使危险提前到来.在试验研究的基础上,讨论运用FDS模拟地暖采暖空间烟气运动的可靠性.并利用FDS软件,对真实采暖单层大空间的火灾烟气下降规律进行了数值模拟,提出了该环境中影响烟气运动的主要因素及其控制措施.     

儿童对不同形状字体警示语标识的眼动特征

为研究儿童对不同形状字体警示语标识的视觉注意特征,将字体形状为单一变量的警示语标识图片作为视觉刺激材料,利用Eye-Link Ⅱ型眼动仪记录了30名小学生观看这些图片时的注视点个数和首次注视时间等试验数据,用SPSS分析了注视点个数和首次注视时间,基于视觉注意理论结合主观调查问卷结果表明:1)被试者对黑体字体注意程度最大;2)儿童对不同形状字体警示语标识的注意程度由大到小为黑体、隶书、宋体(楷体)、幼圆.     

外错型走向高抽巷瓦斯抽采技术应用研究

为探究外错型高抽巷在实际应用中的适用性、可行性以及多功能性,以李雅庄矿2-603工作面外错型高抽巷为研究对象,在考察矿井实际情况的基础上采用理论分析和数值模拟对外错型高抽巷的治理效果进行分析。得出:外错型高抽巷相较于内错型高抽巷巷道位移量小,便于管理;外错型高抽巷不但能作为下一工作面采空区的内错型高抽巷,并且从其内部向下打穿层钻孔能保证下一工作面掘进工作的安全进行。根据现场实测数据分析,外错型高抽巷钻孔抽采的平均抽采浓度在27.38%左右,平均抽采纯量在22.45m3/min左右,上隅角瓦斯基本保持在0.3%左右。外错型高抽巷"一巷多用"的特点,既能满足矿井安全生产的要求,也可以提高经济效益。     

Impaired behavior and changes in some biochemical markers of bivalve (Ruditapes decussatus) due to zinc toxicity

Susceptibility and response of bivalves, the clam Ruditapes decussatus, to zinc (Zn) were studied by monitoring behavior using valve movement and some biochemical parameters. The LC₅₀ was 4.1 mg L^?1 at 7 days. Depuration of Zn from their tissues was also followed. Accumulation of Zn increased with concentration and duration of exposure. After 20 days, Zn caused impairment of valve movement as well as the antioxidant system, decreasing glutathione and protein levels and increasing the lipid peroxidation which is indicative of oxidative damage. Results suggested that behavior and biochemical parameters of clam R. decussatus were sensitive and suitable responses for assessing the effects of Zn on the aquatic ecosystems. It could be concluded that there is a time–dose–response relationship of Zn with behavior and oxidative stress of R. decussatus.     

Learning environmental justice and adult education in a Scottish community campaign against fish farming

Community campaigns against local sources of pollution and environmental degradation form the building blocks of movements for environmental justice. They also constitute important locations for people to learn about the environment and obtain outlooks, knowledge and skills with which to tackle pollution and address sustainable alternatives. The learning which occurs is usually informal and involves collective learning for action. A challenge to formal educators is to be able to support such learning. This account is of the learning which has been achieved during a community campaign against fish farming in the community of Scoraig in Wester Ross, north-west Scotland. We identify a complex diversity of learning within the community, involving information-gathering and critical analysis, between those active in the campaign and those supportive but less active, and in interaction between formal and informal education.     

环境管理战略转型中所需政策与措施初探

我国环境保护已经步入环境管理战略转型期。如何建立与之相适应的环境管理机制、出台相关的政策、规则及措施是当前环境保护工作亟待解决的重要问题。本文就现行的环境管理中还存在着若干问题,需在环境管理战略转型中建立相宜的政策和措施提出相应的见解并给予研究和探讨。     

地壳运动与疾疫流行

本文以大量实际资料证明疾疫流行与地壳运动的关系是密切相关的。地壳运动过程中释出物质和能量对低层大气物理化学状态的影响是严重的,这对多种灾害的形成及生命的衍化方面都是重要的。