非环境专业在校大学生环境意识调查分析研究——以南通市为例

以问卷调查形式了解南通市非环境专业在校大学生环境意识现状,并针对本次调查所暴露的问题,提出从校园环境建设与管理、课程设置、课堂教学、学生的社会实践活动四个方面着手全面培养在校大学生的环境素质,建议多方面多渠道补充非环境专业在校大学生的环境保护知识,引导他们主动积极地参与环境保护行动,提高他们的环境素质。以期为更好的开展在校大学生环境教育提供一定的依据。     

紧急疏散路径选择行为的实验研究

通过可控的人群疏散实验来分析紧急情况下的人群疏散规律。实验选取了建筑物出口位置、出口宽度设置作为实验变量开展。主要关注的参数有疏散时间和疏散速度。疏散人群在实验中自行选择认为最合适的路线。实验结果指出,在紧急情况下出口的距离和宽度共同影响了疏散的整体效率和疏散过程中的拥挤程度。女性的疏散行为值得关注,并且行人在疏散过程中,是分阶段决策疏散路径的,在仿真模型中可通过局部路径规划算法实现。疏散场景的布局对疏散效率的提高有较大影响,单纯增加局部出口的宽度以及缩短疏散路径对于提高整体疏散效率帮助不大。本研究成果对疏散模型的改进以及建筑设计有一定的指导意义。     

Changing tracks as situations change: humanitarian and health response along the Liberia–Côte d'Ivoire border

In recent years, protracted crises and fragile post‐conflict settings have challenged the co‐existence, and even the linear continuum, of relief and development aid. Forced migration has tested humanitarian and development paradigms where sudden‐onset emergencies, violence and displacement arise alongside ongoing development work. Drawing on Médecins Sans Frontières interventions in the region from December 2010 to May 2011, this paper examines aid and healthcare responses to displacement in Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia; it focuses on challenges to the maintenance of preparedness for such foreseeable emergencies and to adaptation in response to changing situations of displacement and insecurity. This ‘backsliding’ from development to emergency remains a substantial challenge to aid; yet, in exactly such cases, it also presents the opportunity to ensure access to medical care that is much more urgently needed in times of crisis, including the suspension of user fees for medical care.     

火力发电建设项目金属管道法兰跨接问题探讨

火力发电建设项目氢气、液氨(氨气)、燃油等系统存在氢、氨、柴油等危险化学品,一旦发生雷击或静电打火,可引发火灾爆炸。针对部分建设项目法兰跨接设置不当,给项目安全运行带来隐患的情况,结合火力发电建设项目实际,对雷电和静电的危害及法兰的存在对雷电和静电危害造成的影响进行了分析,并根据相关标准对建设项目法兰跨接常见问题进行了探讨。金属管道系统是雷电电流泄放及静电释放的通道,减小管道系统电阻可以降低雷击或静电打火风险,金属管道法兰跨接是防雷防静电的有效措施,相关单位应严格按照标准要求对法兰设置跨接,确保管道系统的电流导通性,防止雷电和静电引发火灾爆炸事故。     

Shifting frames: mobilizing policy attention for landscape values in a Dutch urban–rural fringe

Despite framing being a powerful mechanism in policy agenda setting, the planning and policy science literature does not yet devote much attention to the analysis of interactional framing processes in policy change processes. We analyse the framing processes that preceded tipping points in the mobilization of policy attention in a Dutch peri-urban region that over time managed to position the development of landscape values on the agendas of local and regional governments, despite various institutional barriers and blockages. After identifying tipping points in the agenda-setting process, and shifts in frames and coalitions, the paper discusses why these shifts occurred. Two framing mechanisms are identified: (1) framing issues, relationships, and interaction processes in conjunction with one another and (2) resemiotizing original frames to establish a fit to the self-referential frames of targeted supporters within and outside government. The conclusion is that a research focus on human interactions at the grassroots level and on the processes of meaning construction over time reveals detailed insights about why and how structural change and transitions come about. The paper concludes with some lessons for policy-makers and planners with regard to developing a more adaptive attitude to emerging initiatives in civil society.     

建筑业省域安全生产目标设置和政策优化路径研究*

为科学、合理地设置省域建筑业安全生产目标,运用目标设置理论,基于参照系法,考虑省域间建筑业技术水平差异,通过耦合动态聚类和双层前沿DEA方法构建建筑业省域安全生产目标设置模型,并结合2018年相关数据开展实证研究。结果表明:运用该模型计算得到的我国整体建筑业安全生产死亡人数控制目标为541人,较2018年实际死亡人数减少约36%,其中江苏、广东、四川降幅最显著,分别为50,50,27人;促进目标实现的政策优化路径因省而异,优先改善管理（H型）和侧重提高技术（L型）的省域数量比为15∶11;空间上不同类型的省域具有明显的集聚特征,H型省域集中分布于西部及东北地区,L型省域则多位于中部地区,国家可据此制定差异化的区域建筑业安全生产管理战略。     

污泥回流对平流式沉淀池去除率的影响分析

针对目前的沉淀理论没有考虑回流污泥量将影响颗粒去除效率这一问题,在深向混合沉淀理论的基础上,得出了考虑回流比的非理想沉淀模型.根据所得模型分析了在平流沉淀池中吸泥机带走的污泥回流量对颗粒沉降的影响.并以某污水悬浮物的剩余量与沉速关系曲线为例进行分析.结果表明,在不考虑污泥回流的情况下,颗粒的去除率为72.8%;考虑污泥回流时,当回流比由0.5变化到3.0时,颗粒的去除率则由71.1%递减到50.9%,均小于不考虑污泥回流时的去除率,且回流比为3.0时,颗粒的去除率为50.9%,相对于未考虑回流污泥时的去除率降低了30%.由此可见,污泥回流量使悬浮颗粒的去除率小于无回流量时的去除率,且随着回流比的增大颗粒沉降效率将显著减小.     

天水地区新近纪沉积物地球化学特征及其意义

通过对天水盆地新近纪沉积物地化特征的研究表明:(1)天水盆地下山剖面泥岩富MgO、CaO、Nb、Sr、Th,贫SiO2、Al2O3、Ba、Cr、Ni、Rb,高Al2O3/TiO2、Cr/Zr、Cr/Th、Th/Sc,结合盆地的平面展布特征和地层厚度变化规律及沉积相的横向变化,初步认为盆地南区西秦岭北缘各时代花岗闪长岩和偏中性岩主要控制着该区的沉积物地球化学组成,而古秦岭洋闭合期蛇绿岩套中的基性-超基性岩有很大的影响,其结果是它们高度混合的物质给盆地提供物源,泥岩样品中K2O的含量随时间增长而增高,说明物源区在溯源侵蚀的过程中富钾值岩大量出现;(2)CIA和ICV值指示天水盆地碎屑沉积物的物源区古风化程度较强,沉积物成熟度较低,源区沉积再循环的物质很少或几乎不存在,在上新世到更新世之间存在化学风化作用减弱的趋势;(3)天水盆地从西秦岭山麓到华家岭地层沉积厚度越来越薄,从湖相逐渐过渡为湖泛平原相,结合主、微量元素构造判别图解,认为下山剖面沉积物是在压扭作用下的山前凹陷盆地构造环境中形成。     

屏蔽室环境工况对传导骚扰测量的影响

建立工况可调屏蔽室：安装恒温恒湿系统,实现温度在（10～35）℃连续可调、测量空间温度场均匀度和最大波动均〈10℃,湿度控制在（30～60）％范围。利用工况可调屏蔽室,研究温湿度对传导骚扰测试结果的影响：选取电动工具、空调（变频、定频）、除湿机等产品,研究不同产品传导骚扰电压与谐波随环境温湿度的变化规律,发现骚扰电压和谐波测量值随环境温度的变化有很大的不同,试验证明这些产品的传导骚扰电压和谐波测量值明显随着环境温度而变化。研究结果对提高,实验室电磁兼容测试水平具有良好的实用价值,对于相关标准的制修订具有参考价值。     

Distribution-free ranked-set sample procedures for umbrella alternatives in the m-sample setting

In settings where measurements are costly and/or difficult to obtain but ranking of the potential sample data is relatively easy and reliable, the use of statistical methods based on a ranked-set sampling approach can lead to substantial improvement over analogous methods associated with simple random samples. Previous nonparametric work in this area has been concentrated almost exclusively on the one- and two-sample location problems. In this paper we develop ranked-set sample procedures for the m-sample location setting where the treatment effect parameters follow a restricted umbrella pattern. Distribution-free testing procedures are developed for both the case where the peak of the umbrella is known and for the case where it is unknown. Small sample and asymptotic null distribution properties are provided for the peak-known test statistic.