Political transition and emergent forest‐conservation issues in Myanmar

Political and economic transitions have had substantial impacts on forest conservation. Where transitions are underway or anticipated, historical precedent and methods for systematically assessing future trends should be used to anticipate likely threats to forest conservation and design appropriate and prescient policy measures to counteract them. Myanmar is transitioning from an authoritarian, centralized state with a highly regulated economy to a more decentralized and economically liberal democracy and is working to end a long‐running civil war. With these transitions in mind, we used a horizon‐scanning approach to assess the 40 emerging issues most affecting Myanmar's forests, including internal conflict, land‐tenure insecurity, large‐scale agricultural development, demise of state timber enterprises, shortfalls in government revenue and capacity, and opening of new deforestation frontiers with new roads, mines, and hydroelectric dams. Averting these threats will require, for example, overhauling governance models, building capacity, improving infrastructure‐ and energy‐project planning, and reforming land‐tenure and environmental‐protection laws. Although challenges to conservation in Myanmar are daunting, the political transition offers an opportunity for conservationists and researchers to help shape a future that enhances Myanmar's social, economic, and environmental potential while learning and applying lessons from other countries. Our approach and results are relevant to other countries undergoing similar transitions.     

对低影响开发中雨水调蓄设施的分析和思考研究

随着海绵城市规划建设的陆续开展,低影响开发(LID)的理念也深入人心并得到广泛应用,国内各地均结合自身实际情况提出了年径流总量控制率的目标.事实上,各地在实践中也都逐渐总结出,将年径流总量控制率的目标转化为控制的雨量更容易落地实施,而实现目标的其中一个关键抓手就是雨水调蓄设施.通过对调蓄设施的类型、用途及标准等内容的分析和思考,提出规划建设中应当注意的问题和建议,为海绵城市建设提供一些参考,促进调蓄设施更好的发挥作用.     

油气管道周边区域划分与距离设定研究

为合理评估并有效控制管道与周边区域的相互影响,提出1种油气管道周边区域划分与距离设定方法。通过数据统计与事故案例分析,归纳了油气管道安全运行面临的4项问题,结合管道与周边区域相互影响类型及范围,提出将周边区域沿管道中心线依次划分为管道通行区、规划控制区和应急响应区。根据法律规定、实际事故后果影响范围和典型事故后果数值计算结果,提出了上述3个区域的距离设定原则与计算方法,并针对当前油气管道周边区域管理存在的问题提出了分区域管控建议。研究结果表明:所提出的方法有助于控制管道与周边区域的相互影响,保障管道安全运行和周边区域公共安全。     

抚顺县生态建设影响因素分析及创建构想

通过分析抚顺县生态县建设有利因素和制约因素，提出了抚顺县生态县建设构筑资源保障体系、循环经济体系、环境保护体系、生态安全体系、生态人居体系和生态文化体系的创建构想。     

湘东南汝城盆地基性岩元素地球化学及其大地构造环境

汝城盆地基性岩由辉绿岩、玄武岩和玄武质火山碎屑岩组成 ,属于低钾拉斑玄武岩系。玄武岩全岩K Ar年龄为 12 8.4± 4 .2Ma ,辉绿岩全岩K Ar年龄为 112 .1± 3.2Ma。元素地球化学分析表明 ,火山岩系具有相同的岩浆源区 ,其形成以部分熔融方式为主。岩石微量元素出现大离子亲石元素 (LILE)的富集和Ta、Nb、Ti的亏损。强不相容元素比值反映岩浆源区明显偏离原始地幔组分 ,具有富集型地幔岩浆源区特征。岩浆源区受到地壳物质混染和来自消减残留板片析出流体或熔体交代的改造作用。汝城盆地基性岩形成于陆内拉张带 (初始裂谷 )构造环境 ,其强烈拉张时期与华南南岭地区的主要拉张时期 (12 0Ma)相对应。     

甘肃东部陇山群中斜长角闪岩的形成时代和构造背景

陇山群中斜长角闪岩的地质－地球化学特征研究表明,斜长用问岩是分两期形成的,其Sm－Nd等时线年龄分别为983±22Ma和756±97Ma,源区为类似于现在洋中脊型的地幔,说明在中元古代形成的裂谷此时已趋成熟,具有相当的规模。微量元素和稀土元素的特征也支持该认识。作者认为斜长用闪岩的原岩是侵入陇山群的辉绿岩墙或基性岩脉,是800～1000Ma（晋宁期）裂谷作用的产物,裂谷活动的扩张速率为2～5cm／a。     

高含硫味精废水处理的研究

采用吹脱－混凝－厌氧消化－两段ＳＢＲ－絮凝沉淀工艺处理味精废水，试验结果表明，当进水ＣＯＤ为２２３５１ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＳＯ＾２－４５１００００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ７５７１ｍｇ／Ｌ、色度（倍）３９０６和ＰＨ１．３时，出水ＣＯＤ９９ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＳＯ＾２－４９５ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＮＨ３－Ｎｌｍｇ／Ｌ色度１６和ＰＨ６．５，其水质均达到ＧＢ８９７８－１９９６规定的一级排放标准。     

Greening the Congressional record: environmental social movements and expertise-based access to the policy process

ABSTRACT

A new dataset of organizational testimony at U.S. Congressional hearings on environmental protection is used to examine how social movement organizations use issue expertise to gain access to the policy process. Environmental movement organizations (EMOs) are shown to testify in greater numbers at hearings that consider proposed legislation, compared to hearings that are exploratory or investigatory in nature. The increased representation at legislative hearings is unique to EMOs; other kinds of organizations do not obtain similar increases in legislative access. These findings suggest that, due to their scientific expertise and perceived legitimacy, EMOs receive privileged access to the policy process relative to other organizations affected by environmental policy and at a later stage than has been proposed by prior work examining social movement access to the policy process.     

Performance of adaptive cluster sampling estimators in a multivariate setting

Adaptive cluster sampling has been proven to perform well in a univariate setting, but it may not perform well when there are several parameters of interest. The efficiency of adaptive sampling when there are several variables of interest depends on the relationship of the variables with one another.     

大冶铁矿电力机车高压安全保护装置的改进

武钢大冶铁矿运输车间使用的是ZG150-1500型工矿电力机车,该电力机车原有1套高压保护装置,但是设计上局限于受电弓升落的控制,忽视了受电弓不能正常复位情况下的防触电保护功能,运输车间技术人员进行攻关,改进电力机车高压安全保护装置,增设高压接地保护设施,杜绝了电力机车高压触电事故发生,取得较好效果.