正矩阵因子分解法评价北京市PM_(10)和SO_2监测网络

为辨识北京市大气污染物变化规律相同的区域,筛选监测网络中表征冗余信息的监测点,使用正矩阵因子分解法分别对北京市PM10和SO2监测网络进行分析与评价.分析获得北京市PM10和SO2明显的季节变化特征:PM10浓度春季最高,夏季较低;SO2浓度冬季最高,夏季较低.采用正矩阵分解法对PM10监测网络解析出3个因子,对应北京市PM10污染变化特征相同的3个区域,分别为区域1代表监测点为车公庄与石景山古城,区域2代表监测点为位于城东的前门、天坛、农展馆与奥体中心,区域3代表监测点定陵.结果表明区域2监测点密度较大,存在表征冗余信息的监测点,可以考虑撤销或迁移部分监测点.对SO2监测网络解析出6个因子,分别对应北京市SO2污染变化特征相同的6个区域,代表监测点位分别为定陵、古城、东四、奥体中心、农展馆与天坛和前门与车公庄.评价结果表明北京市PM10和SO2监测网络都存在冗余信息的监测点,可以根据分区结果考虑撤销或者迁移部分监测点,优化监测网络.     

建设近岸海域水质自动监测系统应考虑的几个问题

在近岸海域自动监测系统建设前,需要明确建设自动监测系统的目的性;从人员、经费、技术性能等方面综合分析开展自动监测系统建设和运行的可行性分析;同时考虑监测子站建成后仪器设备的安全问题,以保证自动监测系统能够发挥应有的作用。     

中国东部燕山期俯冲走滑体制及其对成矿定位的控制

通过中国东部180～90Ma前地质构造演化与北美西部155～0Ma间地质构造演化的对比,说明中国东部燕山期由活动大陆边缘向陆内过渡的构造属性,进一步阐明中国东部燕山期金属成矿大爆发的地球动力背景-伊泽奈歧海洋板块对欧亚大陆的低角度斜向俯冲和NNE向左行平移剪切运动.活动大陆边缘地壳缩短增厚和伸展减薄两个阶段产出有不同的岩石组合和金属成矿组合.NNE向平移剪切带切割先成断裂体系形成控矿断裂网络分级控制金属聚集的定位:超级控矿断裂网络控制金属矿集区和大型矿床定位,区域一级控矿断裂网络控制大、中型及部分小型矿床定位,区域二级控矿断裂网络控制部分小型矿床和矿化点定位,局部性控矿断裂网络控制矿集区和矿田内部的矿床定位.     

三峡工程移民安置区的环境问题与对策

提出三峡工程移民安置区的主要环境问题，并说明采取的防治对策及措施。     

不同构造环境中双峰式火山岩的地球化学特征

近年来的研究表明 ,双峰式火山岩套可以形成于大陆裂谷、洋内岛弧、活动大陆边缘、弧后盆地等多种环境。Sm -Nd同位素与不活动微量元素 (REE ,Zr ,Ti,Th ,Nb等 )相结合 ,进行综合研究 ,可帮助判断双峰式火山岩套成因和形成环境。本文总结了不同环境产出的双峰式火山岩组合的岩石学和微量元素、稀土元素、同位素地球化学特征 ,并根据对北祁连边马沟双峰式火山岩研究提出了其形成环境可能为岛弧环境 ,这一认识对探讨该地区造山带演化的地球动力学具有一定的意义 ,对在该地区的找矿工作也有一定的启发。     

Conservation Assessment of Southern South American Freshwater Ecoregions on the Basis of the Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Crabs from the Genus Aegla

Abstract:  We assessed the conservation priority of 18 freshwater ecoregions in southern South America on the basis of Aegla (genus of freshwater crabs) genetic diversity and distribution. Geographical distributions for 66 Aegla species were taken from the literature and plotted against ecoregions and main river basins of southern South America. Species richness and number of threatened and endemic species were calculated for each area. To assess taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, we generated a molecular phylogeny based on DNA sequences for one nuclear (28S) and 4 mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI, and COII) genes. All species richness and phylogenetic methods agreed, to a large extent, in their rankings of the importance of conservation areas, as indicated by the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ( p < 0.01); nonetheless, some of the lowest correlations were observed between taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity indices. The 5 ecoregions of the Laguna dos Patos Basin (Eastern Brazil), Central Chile, South Brazilian Coast, Chilean Lakes, and Subtropical Potamic Axis (northern Argentina and southern Uruguay and Paraguay) had the highest biodiversity scores. Conservation of these regions will preserve the largest number of species and the greatest amount of genetic diversity within the South American freshwater Aegla fauna. Biodiversity across rivers and within areas was heterogeneously distributed in the ecoregions of Upper Paraná, Ribeira do Iguape, Upper Uruguay, and South Brazilian Coast (i.e., one river showed significantly more biodiversity than any other river from the same ecoregion), but homogeneously distributed in the other ecoregions. Hence, conservation plans in the former regions will potentially require less effort than plans in the latter regions.     

不同模式预测公路交通噪声的区别研究

文章在详细介绍常见公路交通噪声预测模式区别的同时,进行了不同公路项目的设定,对高速公路、一级公路、二级公路、三级公路、四级公路项目分别采用了上述预测模式进行预测,通过不同预测模式下不同公路项目交通噪声的对比、分析,得出"对于一般公路项目,适合在对车速、车型比等参数进行合理校核的基础上,采用HJ/T 2.4-2009中推荐模式进行预测;其它项目,适合通过类比同类项目的交通噪声影响的方法进行预测"的结论。由于本文采用的模式均为行业内认可的模式,其预测结果及表现特点有助于准确地反映和预测公路交通噪声。     

Conflicts and security in integrated water resources management

Water sector reforms based on the concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) are criticized for not considering context, local realities or legitimacy during the implementation of water sector reforms. Universal remedies of IWRM can thus lead to resistance, conflicts and ultimately failures of interventions. This paper examines how conflicts and disharmony can be addressed by IWRM's instruments. It conceptualizes institutional security as a highly relevant issue to be addressed during water management interventions. Further, the paper advocates a reform of the holistic concept of IWRM to incorporate ‘peace and security’ as a new pillar of water management based on a broad understanding of societal goals that are embedded in the principles of good governance and sustainable development. It also reviews recent criticism of and debates in IWRM and explains the advantages of expanding the normative idea behind it.     

用新型絮凝剂处理制浆漂白废水

采用一种新型的有机无机复合型高分子絮凝剂(F-1)处理制浆漂白废水，进行了絮凝条件的优选试验和对比试验，结果表明：F-1絮凝剂的絮凝沉降效果与絮凝剂的用量、废水的pH有很大的关系。当废水的pH为6．0、絮凝剂用量为100mg／L时，漂白废水的色度、SS和COD的去除率分别为98．2％、93．6％和78．6％。而且，其絮凝性能明显优于阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAMC)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)以及聚合硫酸铁(PFS)等絮凝剂。     

春节燃放烟花爆竹对南京气溶胶细粒子的影响

根据南京城区草场门与远郊固城湖大气观测点PM2.5质量浓度及组分监测结果,分析了2012年春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对城市气溶胶细粒子的影响。结果表明,春节除夕和初五烟花爆竹集中燃放时段,草场门观测点PM10和PM2.5均出现同步异常突升,且细颗粒物占比较大,PM2.5最大峰值同比远郊固城湖观测点分别高出2.79倍和6.02倍;PM2.5各化学组分中,城区草场门观测点水溶性离子K^＋、Cl^-和SO4^2＋以及微量元素K、Al、Mg、Fe、Ba等值同比远郊固城湖明显偏高,春节烟花爆竹燃放对南京城区空气质量影响显著。