红阳煤田红菱煤矿煤矸石地球化学特征及古环境恢复

通过对红菱煤矿7煤和12煤的顶板、底板和夹层煤矸石的矿物、常量、微量、稀土元素的分析发现,这三个层位的煤矸石有较大的区别。利用考奇法恢复古盐度,7煤显示淡水和咸水沉积,12煤有明显的咸水沉积特征。利用微量元素和稀土元素对物源性质及其构造背景分析,结果表明煤矸石的物质来源和构造背景较复杂,源区为长英质或基性岩石区,源区构造背景为大洋岛弧或被动大陆区。     

东南大陆中生代玄武岩岩石系列及其构造意义

东南大陆中生代玄武岩和玄武安山岩占区内酸性岩浆作用的5-10％,并为钙碱系列和过渡系列。其矿物组合为斜长石+单斜辉石+角闪石±黑云母+透长石,玄武岩因LIL元素(K、Rb、Th、Ta、Ce)含量高,负Nb异常以及Fe、Mg、Cr、Ni、Co、Sc含量低而不同于产在活动大陆边缘环境的同类岩石,其LIL元素(K、Rb、Ce、Ba)与本区新生代玄武岩相似,但Fe、Mg、Cr、Ni、Co、Sc含量明显偏低。成分分带与酸性岩浆作用的分带性一致,都受壳、幔成分和构造等地质背景控制,产出构造环境为相对稳定的板内区。玄武质岩浆主要由酸性岩浆作用提供热源,地壳发生广泛熔融。从中生代至新生代,由下地壳至上地慢,由钙碱性和过渡系列至碱性系列,是扩张作用逐渐增强的结果。     

春节期间太原市环境空气质量变化

对包含春节节日的2014年1月16日至2月15日太原市环境空气中O3、NO2、CO、SO2、PM2.5、PM10的质量浓度监测数据进行了统计分析,并就春节期间燃放烟花爆竹及气象因素对空气质量产生的影响利用Pearson分析展开相关研究。结果表明：烟花爆竹集中燃放阶段,O3的质量浓度日变化基本不受其直接影响、呈单峰型,其他污染因子由双峰型变化为明显的三峰型,PM2.5、PM10污染突出,PM10增加速率高于PM2.5,PM2.5/PM10的3个谷值与污染因子的3个峰值相对应;分析气温、相对湿度、风速对CO、PM2.5、PM10的影响均在0.01显著水平上相关,但对于烟花爆竹集中燃放污染水平,气温、相对湿度对其影响不大,风速对其影响较为突出,风向与其有明显的相关性。     

浅析“H31”类目在《中图法》（第五版）中的变化

逐一对比《中图法》第四版与第五版的H31（英语）类目,全面概括第五版《中图法》英语类目修改情况,并解读其修改重点,旨在帮助读者深入理解《中图法》第五版英语类目的分类变化,指导其实际运用。     

炼化过程工艺报警管理研究

为了从根本上减少炼化过程工艺参数的滋扰报警数量,提出一种工艺报警管理方法,包含管理和技术两个层面。在管理层面,明确报警管理职责与分工,报警参数、报警优先级及报警值的设置原则,以及在报警处置、报警考核等方面的要求;在技术层面,以报警的评估与优化技术为手段,从工艺和仪表方面减少报警数量,提升报警性能。现场应用效果表明,提出的报警管理方法可大幅减少炼化过程的无效报警数量,从而降低装置运行风险。     

石化行业竣工环保验收中废气监测研究

在石化行业建设项目竣工环境保护验收中,废气监测是一项重要的监测内容。验收监测时要按照相应标准和大气导则设置相关监测点位。根据石化行业废气排放的主要来源和特点,给出有组织排放废气和无组织排放废气监测布点方法。但在实际布点中由于存在一些客观的原因,使得废气监测布点不能按照相应的标准和导则规范或是其他的技术文件进行。针对布点过程中存在的相关问题,提出废气验收监测时应注意的问题并给出相关建议。     

Effects of Errors and Gaps in Spatial Data Sets on Assessment of Conservation Progress

Data on the location and extent of protected areas, ecosystems, and species’ distributions are essential for determining gaps in biodiversity protection and identifying future conservation priorities. However, these data sets always come with errors in the maps and associated metadata. Errors are often overlooked in conservation studies, despite their potential negative effects on the reported extent of protection of species and ecosystems. We used 3 case studies to illustrate the implications of 3 sources of errors in reporting progress toward conservation objectives: protected areas with unknown boundaries that are replaced by buffered centroids, propagation of multiple errors in spatial data, and incomplete protected‐area data sets. As of 2010, the frequency of protected areas with unknown boundaries in the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) caused the estimated extent of protection of 37.1% of the terrestrial Neotropical mammals to be overestimated by an average 402.8% and of 62.6% of species to be underestimated by an average 10.9%. Estimated level of protection of the world's coral reefs was 25% higher when using recent finer‐resolution data on coral reefs as opposed to globally available coarse‐resolution data. Accounting for additional data sets not yet incorporated into WDPA contributed up to 6.7% of additional protection to marine ecosystems in the Philippines. We suggest ways for data providers to reduce the errors in spatial and ancillary data and ways for data users to mitigate the effects of these errors on biodiversity assessments. Efectos de Errores y Vacíos en Conjuntos de Datos Espaciales sobre la Evaluación del Progreso de la Conservación     

Effect of Environmental Setting on Sediment, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Concentrations in Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia, USA

/ Environmental settings were defined, through an overlay process, as areas of coincidence between categories of three mapped variables\Mland use, surficial geology, and soil drainage characteristics. Expert judgment was used in selecting factors thought to influence sediment and nutrient concentrations in the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage area. This study's findings support the hypothesis that environmental settings defined using these three variables can explain variations in the concentration of certain sediment and nutrient constituents. This finding underscores the importance of developing watershed management plans that account for differences associated with the mosaic of natural and anthropogenic factors that define a basin's environmental setting. At least in the case of sediment and nutrients in the Albemarle-Pamlico region, a watershed management plan that focuses only on anthropogenic factors, such as point-source discharges, and does not account for natural characteristics of a watershed and the influences of these characteristics on water quality, may lead to water-quality goals that are over- or underprotective of key environmental features and to a misallocation of the resources available for environmental protection.KEY WORDS: Environmental setting; Water quality; Watershed management; Nutrients; Sediment     

房间开门形式对人员疏散的影响分析

采用计算机数值模拟软件FDS+Evac,对房间开门形式对人员疏散的影响进行分析。建立疏散模型,房间人员密度设置3种情况,着重研究了7种开门形式条件下人员疏散过程。研究表明,房间开门总宽度一定时,只设置一道门,疏散效率最高。当房间需要满足设置两道门时,门应尽量设置在房间的两对边墙上,这样疏散效率较高。两道门设置在房间相邻边墙上时最不利于人员疏散。研究结果为房间开门的设计提供了参考依据。     

“Consent and Consensus in Policies Related to Food – Five Core Values”

When formulating a policy related to food in a heterogeneous context within a nation or between nations, oppositional positions are more or less explicit, but always have to be overcome. It is interesting to note, though, that such elements as culture and religion have seldom been the focus in discussions about methods of decision-making in food policy. To handle discrepancies between oppositional positions, one solution is to narrow differences between partners, another to accept one partner or position as dominant. In a solid and lasting policy, any of these options has to be agreed upon by all the partners involved. In this article, I argue that context sensitivity and a shared picture of the situation are necessary bases for a solid food policy. Two methods for policy discussion are elaborated on and religious slaughter is given as an example of a heterogeneous setting with strongly diverging ideals. Several aspects have to be respected from the outset, such as culture, religion, and value systems. This condition is partly met in a model of informed consent and in a consensus model. The informed consent model is regarded as insufficient, because it lacks both methods of dealing with hierarchies and the goal of finding a shared and nuanced picture of the situation. A consensus model meets these tasks but might on the other hand, among other things, be too difficult to follow and to administer. For both models, some difficulties with justification of decisions arise. Five essential elements emanating from a combination of these models are suggested as a basis for a decision process regarding food policies: respect for each discussion partner, context sensitivity, respect for arguments including emotions, a shared picture of the situation, and finally relating theory and practice.