BPA和EE2在PA微塑料上竞争吸附的位点能量

为研究微塑料上雌激素共存的吸附行为,以17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）和双酚A （BPA）为目标污染物,微塑料聚酰胺（PA）为吸附剂,通过等温吸附实验研究二者在单溶质和双溶质体系下的吸附性能,基于位点能量分布理论进一步剖析二者在PA微塑料上的的吸附特性.同时,采用X射线光谱（XPS）以及傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对吸附前后的PA微塑料进行表征,探究其可能存在的吸附机理.等温吸附拟合结果及XPS、FTIR的表征结果表明BPA和EE2及二者混合溶液在PA上的吸附属于非均质吸附,疏水分配及氢键作用为主要的吸附机制.位点能量分布分析结果表明,相同浓度（1～4mg/L）条件下,BPA吸附位点主要分布于高能量区;单溶质体系的EE2吸附位点主要集中于低能量区.双溶质体系下,相同浓度的两种物质位点分布函数均随着位点能量的增大而呈指数降低,BPA下降趋势较为平缓,吸附位点分布更集中.两种体系相比较,BPA平均位点能量和位点能量非均质性分别增加了0.749%和2.483%,吸附位点数量减少了10.852%;双溶质体系下EE2平均位点能量降低0.813%,位点能量非均质性增加1.870%,吸附位点数量增加42.429%.双酚A和EE2在PA微塑料上的竞争吸附中,EE2占优势.     

原位形成生物铁锰氧化物对砷(Ⅲ/V)的去除效果与机制

通过改变砷的初始浓度、砷价态、细菌接种比、铁锰浓度等因素来研究不同条件下Pseudomonas putida strain MnB1原位诱导形成生物铁锰氧化物（Biogenic Fe-Mn oxides,BFMO）对As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的去除效果与机制.结果表明：①当As（Ⅲ）和As（V）初始浓度为0.5~5 mg·L^-1时,原位形成的BFMO对As（Ⅲ）和As（V）有良好的去除效率,均在62%以上;②当细菌接种比为0.1%~0.5%时,As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的去除效率与细菌接种比成正比,当细菌接种比大于0.5%时,As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的去除效率基本维持在85%以上,未发生明显变化;③当MnCO₃浓度为0.2~0.8 g·L^-1或Fe（Ⅱ）浓度为2.5~25 mg·L^-1时,原位诱导产生的BFMO对As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的去除率随MnCO₃浓度或Fe（Ⅱ）浓度的增加而增大;当MnCO₃或Fe（Ⅱ）浓度再升高时,As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的去除效率基本保持不变.微观特征分析结果表明,原位形成的BFMO与As（Ⅲ）和As（V）反应后主要产物为As（V）,其去除主要以吸附为主,还存在共沉淀作用.总体而言,原位形成的BFMO适用于砷污染水环境的修复.     

Efficient degradation of Rhodamine B by magnetically recoverable Fe3O4-modified ternary CoFeCu-layered double hydroxides via activating peroxymonosulfate

Environment-friendly nano-catalysts capable of activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) have received increasing attention recently. Nevertheless, traditional nano-catalysts are generally well dispersed and difficult to be separated from reaction system, so it is particularly important to develop nano-catalysts with both good catalytic activity and excellent recycling efficiency. In this work, magnetically recoverable Fe₃O₄-modified ternary CoFeCu-layered double hydroxides (Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs) was prepared by a simple co-precipitation method and initially applied to activate PMS for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were applied to characterize morphology, structure, specific surface area and magnetism. In addition, the effects of several key parameters were evaluated. The Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs exhibited high catalytic activity, and RhB degradation efficiency could reach 100% within 20 min by adding 0.2 g/L of catalyst and 1 mmol/L of PMS into 50 mg/L of RhB solution under a wide pH condition (3.0-7.0). Notably, the Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs showed good super-paramagnetism and excellent stability, which could be effectively and quickly recovered under magnetic condition, and the degradation efficiency after ten cycles could still maintain 98.95%. Both radicals quenching tests and electron spin resonance (ESR) identified both HO? and SO₄^?? were involved and SO₄^?? played a dominant role on the RhB degradation. Finally, the chemical states of the sample's surface elements were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the possible activation mechanism in Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs/PMS system was proposed according to comprehensive analysis.     

Retrofitting residential building envelopes for energy efficiency: motivations of individual homeowners in Israel

The willingness of private individuals in Israel to invest in energy-saving retrofit of the envelope of residential buildings was studied by means of a survey. Responses show that awareness of the need to conserve energy is high, but that willingness to participate in a retrofit project is modest and is limited to relatively small outlays. The decision on whether to retrofit at all, and then how much to invest in the project, is characterized as a two-stage process in which different factors may affect the outcome of each of the two stages. The major barrier to building retrofit is the perception (justified, in most cases) that the direct economic benefit to the homeowner from the resulting energy saving is small, and that given Israel's relatively mild climate, the payback period is very long. The stamp of approval provided by a government subsidy of 25% would have a large non-proportional effect on willingness to undertake building retrofit. Funding for the subsidy could be obtained from a Pigovian levy on electricity, applied for a limited period, and its environmental benefits outweigh the cost of the subsidy itself.     

微生物燃料电池-人工湿地耦合系统研究进展

微生物燃料电池-人工湿地耦合系统(CW-MFC)是一种新型污水处理工艺,该系统在增强污水处理效果的同时提高了产电性能,具有广阔的应用前景。综述了CW-MFC系统的研究现状,并将影响CW-MFC系统处理效果和产电效率的因素概括为组成要素、结构特点和运行参数3个方面。论文最后总结了系统当前存在的问题,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。     

可见光助三维电极/电Fenton处理罗丹明B废水的研究

提出了以多孔TiO2薄膜(Porous-TiO2)板为阳极,活性炭负载Fe-Ni共掺P25颗粒(Fe-Ni-P25/AC)为粒子电极的可见光助三维电极/电Fenton(Vis-3D/EF)降解有机废水的新方法.同时,考察了该体系对罗丹明B溶液的去除效果和影响因素,探讨了降解过程的反应动力学,并与常规阳极和粒子电极组成的体系处理能耗进行了对比,探讨了Vis-3D/EF体系各个作用对去除率的贡献及对罗丹明B的降解机理.实验结果表明,在电源电压20 V、溶液pH=3、Fe2+离子投加量0.5 mmol·L-1、曝气量1.5 L·min-1、反应时间60 min时,20 mg·L-1罗丹明B的降解率为96.84%,处理过程更符合二级反应动力学.在此条件下,Porous-TiO2阳极板和Fe-Ni-P25/AC粒子电极组成的体系,降解过程具有明显的协同催化特点,协同因子达1.22,且处理能耗仅为常规石墨(Gr)阳极、活性炭(AC)粒子电极组成体系的1/85.5.Vis-3D/EF降解过程中电催化氧化作用、Fenton氧化作用、可见光催化作用及可见光下的协同作用对去除率的贡献分别为43.88%、20.21%、15.26%和17.49%.同时,通过叔丁醇捕获实验发现,·OH对去除率的贡献为75.58%,表明·OH是该体系中产生的主要活性物质.     

Model for empowering rural poor through renewable energy technologies in Bangladesh

This paper proposes an integrated ecological, economic and social model to assist sustainable rural development in villages in Bangladesh. In the model, renewable energy technologies (RETs) create income-generating activities for male landless and marginal farmers and for women from such households, while reducing environmental problems, like deforestation and indoor air pollution from cooking with poor-quality fuels. Because of the high capital costs of RETs, the model proposes an extension of the well-known micro-credit approach developed by such NGOs as the Grameen Bank and BRAC. With the assistance of an External Agency composed of NGO, business, government and university representatives, such groups of villagers would form Village Organizations, comprising cooperatives or other forms of business, borrow money from a bank or large NGO, and purchase a RET based on biogas, solar or wind, depending upon location. By selling energy to wealthier members of the village, the Village Organizations would repay their loans, thus gaining direct ownership and control over the technology and its applications.     

区块链与端边云技术赋能城市应急预警系统*

为解决现有城市应急预警系统（urban emergency early-warning system,UEES）存在的缺乏设备身份认证、数据共享性差、数据传输处理效率低、区域性智能自治能力不足等问题,根据区块链与端边云技术特点和现有系统的业务需求,提出区块链与端边云技术相融合的城市应急预警系统（UEES integrating blockchain and end-to-end cloud technology,UEES-BE）框架;对该框架存在的边缘节点认证与数据共享、区块链与边缘智能、边云协同分类分级分布式存储3个关键问题进行探讨;以城市内涝灾害预警为例,将区块链与端边云技术与城市内涝灾害预警系统业务相结合,提出4点优化建议。结果表明:区块链和端边云技术理论上可实现城市灾害安全、共享、实时、智能的预警,对构建城市应急预警系统具有指导意义。     

CO2注气压力对CH4驱替特性影响实验研究*

为研究CO2驱替CH4过程中注气压力对气体解吸特性的影响,采用自主搭建的驱替实验平台,在0.6,0.8,1.0 MPa不同注气压力下进行驱替实验,研究CO2驱替CH4过程中煤层温度、气体浓度、置换效率和渗透率等变化规律。实验结果表明:提高CO2注气压力可提高CO2置换驱替煤层CH4的效果。随着注气压力增大,CH4累计解吸量增大,CO2突破时间越短,CO2封存量越大,置换效率升高,驱替比下降。注气压力为0.6,0.8,1.0 MPa时,CH4累计解吸量分别为90.2,94.1,97.8 L;CO2封存量分别为19.73,19.92,20.21 mL/g;置换效率由76.9%上升到80.2%再到82.9%,驱替比由3.28下降到3.17再到3.09。注气驱替CH4过程中煤层温度升高,可分为低速升温、高速升温和趋于平缓阶段。煤层温度最高变化量分别为9.4,11.5,12.7 ℃。同一注气压力下,煤层渗透率变化可分为缓慢增长、急剧下降和趋于稳定阶段。     

磁化荷电水雾最佳降尘参数确定实验研究*

为实现对煤尘的有效防控,进一步提高磁化水降尘性能,提出磁化荷电喷雾降尘技术,通过研究液滴在磁化、荷电情况下的受力,揭示磁化荷电喷雾降尘机理;通过自主搭建的动、静态综合除尘实验平台,研究不同磁化强度、荷电电压下溶液表面张力和雾滴粒径的变化规律,进而确定最佳雾化参数。研究结果表明:磁化荷电后的溶液表面张力和雾滴粒径随磁化强度、荷电电压的增大呈现先下降而后上升,最后趋于平稳。荷电电压为9 kV、磁化强度为350 mT时达到最佳效果,此时,与清水相比全尘降尘效率达到92.79%、提高69.63%,呼尘降尘效率达到78.59%、提高94.01%。磁化荷电的溶液表面张力降低,破碎时所做表面功更小,雾化后液滴粒径更小更均匀,与尘粒接触面积增大,可提高捕尘效率,改善矿井环境。