环境污染责任保险的环境法解释与制度构造

环境污染责任保险是环境污染损害救济社会化的重要途径和完善环境污染损害救济机制的必由之路。中国环境污染责任保险制度的真正建立和运行,需要运用环境法的基本理念和思想对传统责任保险制度进行重新审视和构造。环境污染责任保险制度设计的关键在于合理贯彻环境法的理论思想,运用风险预防、生态正义之理念,环境污染损害救济、环境权等理论思想进行理论诠释,在保险方式、责任基础、承保范围、赔付范围及赔偿限额等方面构造中国的环境污染责任保险制度,以发挥环境污染责任保险之风险预防、损害救济和稳定社会秩序的功能。     

气象灾害综合指数保险研究——以北京市棉花为例

气象指数保险作为最有前景的农业保险创新工具,在保障农产品收入、稳定农业生产和国民经济运行方面具有重要意义。该文提出了综合气象指数模型来设计棉花保险产品,通过主成分分析法结合熵权法构建综合气象指数,综合考量降水、气温、日照等气象指标对棉花生产的影响。相比单一气象指数模型,综合气象指数模型能够整合多种气象条件信息,提高农业气象灾害保险模型的精度。基于该模型,以1999—2016年北京市棉花作物为例进行保险设计,在综合气象指数模型框架下计算出该地区不同灾害等级下的棉花气象灾害指数保险的纯保险费率。     

Earthquake insurance pricing: a risk‐based approach

Flat earthquake premiums are ‘uniformly’ set for a variety of buildings in many countries, neglecting the fact that the risk of damage to buildings by earthquakes is based on a wide range of factors. How these factors influence the insurance premiums is worth being studied further. Proposed herein is a risk‐based approach to estimate the earthquake insurance rates of buildings. Examples of application of the approach to buildings located in Taipei city of Taiwan were examined. Then, the earthquake insurance rates for the buildings investigated were calculated and tabulated. To fulfil insurance rating, the buildings were classified into 15 model building types according to their construction materials and building height. Seismic design levels were also considered in insurance rating in response to the effect of seismic zone and construction years of buildings. This paper may be of interest to insurers, actuaries, and private and public sectors of insurance.     

环境污染责任保险地方试点政策创新与实践研究

本文在环境污染责任保险试点调研和数据分析的基础上,总结了近年来环境污染责任保险政策的实践发展趋势,发现环境污染责任保险政策具有趋于强制、投保范围明确且趋同、产品性价比提升、保险市场受政策影响波动大的显著特点,地方试点实践中面临缺少环境风险定价方案、事故预防难开展、政府部门权责不清及数据信息共享缺乏的现实困境;同时在分析环境污染责任保险贵州新一轮试点对环境污染责任保险试点困境的实践突破基础上,总结统一条款、统一风险定价、统一投承保平台的"贵州模式"。基于以上分析本文提出如下建议:进一步明确环境污染责任保险强制的上位法依据,建立全国统一的环境污染强制责任保险管理制度;根据环境风险形成全过程理论,采用"两步走"方式,平衡科学性与成本关系,建立保前风险评估—保后隐患排查标准体系;建立国家—省级—地市多层级多主体环境污染责任保险治理信息化平台。     

构建我国环境责任保险模式的理性思考

环境责任保险是通过责任风险社会化解决环境污染损害赔偿问题的有效方式之一.通过借鉴其他国家的经验,分析这一制度在我国实际实行的困境和原因,提出一个符合国情的环境责任保险模式架构.