工伤保险与事故预防结合运作机制的探讨

从强化事故预防,切实保障劳动生产中受伤害职工的合法权益入手,着重对工伤保险与事故预防结合运作管理机制进行了探讨。     

沈阳市环境污染责任保险推进工作的探索与实践

在全面介绍沈阳市环境污染责任保险推进情况的基础上,论述了沈阳市参加保险企业的确定原则、推进方法及配套政策措施,并结合当前沈阳市该险种推进过程中存在的问题,提出了选择适合的环境污染责任保险模式、加强环保部门与保险行业的合作、将环境污染责任险融入到环境管理工作中等建议及对策。     

我国推进环境污染责任保险的系统性风险及对策

环境污染责任保险是以企业发生的污染事故对第三者造成的损害依法应负的赔偿责任为标的的保险.本文在对我国环境污染责任保险30年发展历程进行全面回顾的基础上,从立法、模式、技术等层面出发,结合2019年底以来新型冠状病毒引发的公共卫生紧急事件挑战,分析了新时期政策实践面临的系统性风险,提出通过促进自上而下的立法推进与自下而上的自主试点良性互动、"低保额、低保障、广覆盖"的强制基本险与"高保额、高保障、个性化"的商业附加险灵活结合、经验数据积累与技术标准完善双管齐下、企业常态自主投保与特殊应急响应投保相互助力等方式妥善化解相关风险,为补齐生态短板、打好污染防治攻坚战、全面建成小康社会提供助力.     

基于环境责任保险的动态环境侵权救济体系研究

通过对环境责任保险的定义和特点的总结,以及对其环境侵权救济功能的探讨,得出结论:社会从矫正的正义观到分配的正义观的转变,是推动环境责任保险制度发展的根本原因;赋予第三人直接请求权是环境责任保险制度的重要组成部分;公共补偿制度的建立和发展是对环境责任保险制度的必要补充。在此结论的基础上,以环境侵权受害者能够得到及时有效的救济为出发点,构建了以环境责任保险制度为核心的动态侵权救济体系:民事救济作为第一层次,通过法律程序来确认侵权行为、责任主体以及赔偿额度等事项;环境责任保险作为第二层次,用来分散被保险人的污染损害赔偿责任,补偿受害者损失;公共补偿制度作为第三层次,用来补充民事救济和环境责任保险所未能覆盖到的受害者的人身、财产损失。三个层次联动配合、相互补充,从而在我国面临日益增多的环境污染事故的情况下,为受害者、企业和国家开辟了一条新的环境侵权救济之路。     

我国农村养老模式的绩效研究

继新农合实施以来,新农保也被党和政府提上日程。认识现有养老模式的优缺点是有效开展新农合的前提。本文将现有各种养老模式总结为三种理论模式,分别是个体时间平衡、家庭时间平衡、社会时间平衡。然后在回顾各模式的历史演变的基础上,从理论上对比了三者之间的绩效差异,绩效研究的视角有风险化解的有效性、个体福利和社会福利三个。研究结果表明,风险化解最为有效的是社会时间平衡,其次是家庭时间平衡,最后个体时间平衡;从个体福利的角度来看,个体福利最大的是家庭时间平衡、其次是社会时间平衡,再者是个体时间平衡;从社会福利的角度来看,个体时间平衡和家庭时间平衡是能够促进经济的长期增长的,而社会时间平衡方式则不利于资本积累,相反有可能妨碍经济的长期增长。     

陕西省灾害保险赔案分析及防灾减灾

一般情况下,保险公司的赔案情况可以大体反映该区的灾害发生情况,本文通过对陕西省１９８５～１９９８年间的企业财产险、家庭财产险、机动车辆险、农业种植险等四个保险险种的赔案数据整理,并在对赔案状况、不同险种的 损失率与赔付率、赔案出险原因以及保险险种的赔案出险原因等进行分析、研究的基础上提出了今后的防灾减灾重点。     

中国财产保险业巨灾损失赔付能力实证分析

商业保险是社会化巨灾风险分散机制的重要组成部分,要在中国现阶段巨灾事件频发的复杂环境中构建合理的损失分摊机制,不能不考虑以损失补偿为主要功能的财产保险业应对巨灾损失的能力。在Cummins、Doherty和Anita的保险赔付能力度量模型框架及改进后的损失对数正态分布假设下,引入1998～2008年中国财产保险业经营数据,对2009年初时点上在中国大陆经营财产保险业务的39家财产保险公司及全行业巨灾损失赔付能力进行了实证分析。结果显示,由于全行业资本与盈余的低水平以及再保险市场发展的严重滞后,在1 200亿到2 000亿元的损失区间内,中国财产保险业的赔付能力缺口在26.8亿到815.6亿元之间,且缺口增长速度大于损失增长速度。通过与2008年初的赔付能力实证分析结果对比发现,灾害频发的2008年客观上显著降低了中国财产保险行业应对极端损失的能力。度量结果从实证基础上昭示了政府大力扶持和参与巨灾保险体系建设的必要性和紧迫性。     

Insurance and flood risk reduction in Ghana: do insurers penalise homeowners who take precautionary measures?

Today, many advocate insurance as a tool for coping with natural disasters. Beyond providing prompt financial relief to victims of disasters, insurance can also incentivise individuals to invest in preventive measures if insurers reward such efforts with reduced premiums. However, insurers might be unable to reward investments in precautionary measures with lower premiums if they are ill-informed about individual-level risks. Here, we explore how Ghanaian home insurers respond to investments in flood risk reduction by asking them to quote premiums for four identical buildings; two had investments in flood risk reduction, while the other two had none. We find that insurers did not reward investments in risk reduction, with some charging higher premiums for elevated buildings, suggesting they have interpreted such preventive measures as a sign of high flood risk. This failure to reward investments in precautionary measures may discourage insured homeowners from investing in risk reduction.     

Valuing floodplain protection and avoidance in a coastal watershed

Flood‐related losses in the United States are increasing despite large‐scale mitigation efforts. To offset the rising cost of floods, the US Congress passed legislation in 2014 that will augment insurance premiums to make the National Flood Insurance Program more actuarially sound. Consequently, there is interest in lowering flood‐related costs to the homeowner, both in terms of premiums and damage. This study addresses the issue by integrating premium savings and damages avoided based on several mitigation scenarios. Specifically, it examines how much policyholders within a watershed near Houston, Texas, could have saved between 1999 and 2009 had their communities introduced specific avoidance‐based mitigation activities. The results indicate that homeowners and communities can offset premium rises and a majority of the damage suffered through marginal expansions of such initiatives. However, the costs associated with their implementation could counter some of these savings, and hence they need to be considered in future work.     

Mileage-based pricing insurance and its impact on China

Mileage-based pricing insurance,such as PAYD,is known as the"green insurance"because it is low-carbon and environmentally effective,which is the biggest innovation in the global auto insurance industry seen in the past decade.Starting from the perspective of economic externalities,vehicle negative externalities in China are described.In order to introduce mileage-based pricing insurance to the Chinese insurance industry,this paper reviews the current practice of PAYD insurance and its impacts on transport externalities,including air pollution,climate change,energy dependency,congestion,accidents,and others.Finally,enlightenment and policy suggestions are proposed,in the hope of better promoting the low-carbon economy development over the whole of China.