中国在国际贸易中的两大相对比较优势

可持续发展要求丰富与发展传统的国际贸易理论，尤其需要将环境要素纳入到现有的相对比较优势分析框架体系内。本文运用相对比较优势分析方法研究了劳动力、资本与环境要素之间的关系。结果表明近年来中国持续增长的国际贸易除了依赖中国劳动力的相对比较优势外，也依赖于中国环境的相对比较“优势”，劳动力与环境资源是中国对外贸易的两大相对比较优势。然而,随着中国劳动力成本的上升与环境污染压力的增加，这两大“优势资源”将面临严峻的挑战。     

Gaining Traction: Retreading the Wheels of Marine Conservation

Abstract:  A number of international treaties address the conservation of marine resources. The declining state of the world's oceans suggests that these treaties are not succeeding and could use improvement. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) is increasingly embracing the conservation of marine species. We examine the evolution of marine species protection under CITES and illuminate some of the mechanisms used and challenges faced in implementing CITES protection. We found that clarification is needed on when and where CITES applies and how CITES should work with other treaties and institutions. The Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) can contribute to increased effectiveness of CITES for marine conservation. Foremost, the SCB community could foster dialogue on creating a broad vision of how CITES should apply to marine species and how it can synergistically interact with other important marine-conservation treaties and institutions. More specific contributions could focus on defining listing criteria for marine species, improving the science behind the nondetriment finding, and offering technical guidance on species proposals. A future role for SCB could be to contribute to the enhanced effectiveness of other marine conservation agreements such as the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, the International Whaling Commission, and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea .     

绿色壁垒的法律分析

面对我国国际贸易深受国外绿色壁垒影响的现状,我国应以国际规则坚决抵制贸易保护主义,制定绿色产品及其包装发展鼓励条例,并不断完善环境管理和绿色保障法律制度。     

IVE模型中区间划分方法对排放因子估算的影响

利用便携式排放测试系统（Portable Emission Measurement System,简称PEMS）和GPS系统（Global Position System,简称GPS）选取多辆天津市机动车进行了道路测试,并对其排放及行驶数据进行了研究,分析了在IVE（International Vehicle Emissions,简称IVE）模型中不同区间的划分方法下,机动车比功率（Vehicle Specific Power,简称VSP）与排放相关系数的差异.CO、CO₂、NO_x排放与VSP相关系数在Paps（Preaverage Power Stress,前平均比功率负载,简称Paps）方案下进行划分时的平均值从原有的引擎负载（Engine Stress,简称ES）方案下的0.1以下上升到0.4以上;但是HC排放与VSP相关系数在ES方案下的均值为0.0370,在Paps方案下却为-0.0766.分别计算污染物实测排放因子与IVE模型改进前和改进后的污染物排放因子的比值,发现采用Paps区间划分方法计算得出的排放因子数据比ES区间划分方法得出的数据显著接近于实测排放因子,显示Paps区间划分方法有助于改善机动车排放估算的准确度.     

论海洋污染的国际法规制

海洋环境保护是国际环境保护的重要组成部分,而国际社会的合作是构建海洋环境保护国际法制的有效路径。本研究梳理了海洋环境保护立法的历史演变,分析了《联合国海洋法公约》在海洋环境保护中的意义,从陆地来源、船舶、倾倒、远洋油气和矿产资源开发造成海上污染的四个方面着重论述了海洋环境污染与国际法保护问题,最后总结了国际海洋环境保护立法中的教训。     

国际河流管理合作模式的分类及演进规律探讨

论文对国际河流管理合作模式的概念、分类及演进规律进行了探讨。在从合作主体、目标、途径、制度等方面对合作模式进行单维度分类的基础上,借鉴霍尔三维结构图系统分析方法,构建了合作模式三维度分类模型,较全面、准确地概括了当前国际河流管理合作实践的模式类型。最后,综合世界各种典型国际河流管理合作模式的形成和发展过程,从模式要素的发展演变及模式演进的动力机制两个方面入手,详细阐述了国际河流管理合作模式的演进规律。     

Fish as an indicator of aquatic environment: Multielemental neutron activation analysis of nutrient and pollutant elements in fish from Indian coastal areas

Fish is the main food in coastal areas and its analysis for toxic metals has been used as an indicator of the pollution status of the aquatic environment. Several different fish species from the three Indian coasts, Visakhapatnam in the east, Mumbai in the west and Mangalore in the south west and also inland freshwater fish from Nagpur in the central region for comparison were analyzed for up to 20 elements (As, Au, Ba, Br, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Zn) by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Dried fish samples in powdered form were irradiated with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor followed by high resolution gamma ray spectrometry at different intervals. Several Reference Materials (RMs) of biological origin were analyzed for quality assurance and data validation. Elemental contents in different fish species vary in a wide range depending on the species, its size, location, and aquatic environment. Fish from Mangalore showed highest mean contents of Cr (14.8?±?29.9?µg?g^?1), Cu (1005?±?643?µg?g^?1) and Sb (849?±?888?ng?g^?1) whereas those from Mumbai exhibited highest Hg (2066?±?2146?ng?g^?1) and P (20.3?±?4.63?µg?g^?1) but lowest Cu (6.30?±?3.10?µg?g^?1) contents. Fish from all the regions showed significant amounts of nutrient elements such as Na, K, P, Mn, Fe, Se and Zn as well as some pollutant elements (Br, Cr, Sb, Hg). No regularity in variation of elemental contents with the size was observed. Prawn (Panaeus latisulcatus), a popular fish species from four different regions showed wide variation in elemental contents of Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Se, P including toxic pollutants, Sb and Hg. An attempt has been made to calculate daily dietary intake (DDI) for some nutrient elements from Indian fish. Elemental data for Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Se, and Zn have been compared with those from other fish exporting countries.     

The greener,the more cost efficient? An empirical study of international tourist hotels in Taiwan

Going ‘green’ is more than a mere fad in the hotel industry, and environment-friendly green hotels are becoming popular. The purpose of this study was to conduct an investigation into the link between ‘green’ and cost efficiency in the hotel industry. Empirical evidence supporting this investigation was gathered from the Taiwan hotel industry. Data were gathered from 68 international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Moreover, our finding differs from most of the earlier studies and indicates that ‘green’ is negatively and significantly associated with the cost efficiency of a hotel. In other words, ‘green’ renders a hotel ineffective. The implications of the findings have been discussed, and the limitations of the study as well as future research directions have been addressed.     

国际河流管理和内河流域管理比较研究

传统来看,国际河流和内河在管理模式、政策、法规上从来都是各自为政的。然而,利益主体的多元性,河流自身生态系统的统一性都说明了这两种河流的管理,包括合理利用和有效保护,具有共通之处,因此,成功的国际河流管理经验可以内河的利用保护所借鉴。在将国际河流保护制度和内河管理制度惊醒比较之后,本文试图从对比中思考我国内河流域管理立法模式、流域管理机构的地位和如何协调流域内部利益。流域管理不应单独立法,流域管理机构的地位在新《水法》中有所明确,但其职责还需进一步向统一宏观规划调度的方向定位,由流域管理机构根据公平合理地原则进行流域内部利益协调。只有将流域管理机构和协调流域内部利益紧密结合起来,才是流域可持续发展的关键。     

我国进口可再生利用废塑料的现状与发展

论述了进口可再生利用废塑料在环保、节能减排等国民经济领域中的重要意义。通过分析统计数据,阐明了我国由于资源匮乏,进口可再生利用废塑料的必要性和迫切性,并简述了我国政府对废塑料进口的监管措施。