国际标准产业分类体系的农、林、牧、渔业分类演化及启示

国际标准产业分类体系是目前国际上最有影响和权威的产业分类体系。深入了解国际标准产业分类体系中农、林、牧、渔业分类演化,对正确收集、处理和测算我国农、林、牧、渔业的指标以及国际间数据比较至关重要。论文首先详细地剖析国际标准产业分类体系的农、林、牧、渔业的分类演化,然后依据国际标准产业分类体系的最新变化,结合我国农、林、牧、渔业现状,为我国国民经济行业分类中农、林、牧、渔业的修改和调整提供建议。     

Learning disability and leadership: Becoming an effective leader

This study investigates learning disability (LD) as an individual‐differences variable predicting leadership emergence, role occupancy, and effectiveness. We hypothesize that individuals with LD are less likely to occupy leadership roles, and that informal group processes (leadership emergence) will mediate the relationship between LD and leadership role occupancy. We also hypothesized that, among leaders promoted and selected for leadership training, there would be a negative relationship between LD and effective leadership. We first checked for LD in a sample of 1076 soldiers, measuring cognitive ability with a geometric‐analogies test as a control. Some months later, during the soldiers' basic training, we measured leadership emergence. We then identified those who were selected for leadership training, recording, and measuring their effectiveness according to supervisory and peer evaluations. Leadership emergence was found to mediate the negative relationship between LD and leadership role occupancy. There were no significant differences among leaders (n = 308) with and without LD in regard to leadership effectiveness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

区域环境健康问题调查的实施机制

环境健康调查实施机制的合理性直接决定了大型区域环境健康调查的执行效率和最终结果.鉴于区域环境健康问题调查涉及内容多学科、执行流程多环节、实施过程有交叉的复杂特点,围绕环境健康传导链特征解析的调查实质,就如何高效组织区域环境健康调查的参与人员和技术力量等实施机制问题进行了探索.在总结我国大型环境健康调查工作实施经验的基础上,提出所有环境健康问题调查人员分属作用分明的“四大功能”角色定位,以及区域环境健康问题调查的“九步运行”技术流程等相关论断.相关研究结果直接支持了若干大型环境与健康调查工作,为进一步丰富区域环境健康问题调查理论提供了借鉴.     

Facilitating biodiversity conservation through partnerships to achieve transformative outcomes

Conservation biology is a mission-driven discipline that must navigate a new relationship between conservation and science. Because conservation is a social and political as well as an ecological project, conservation biologists must practice interdisciplinarity and collaboration. In a comparative study of 7 cases (Jaguars in the Chaco, Grevy's zebra in Kenya, Beekeeping in Tanzania, Andean cats in Argentina, Jaguars in Mexico, Lobster fishing, and Black bears in Mexico), we examined motivations for collaboration in conservation, who can collaborate in conservation, and how conservation professionals can work well together. In 5 case studies, successful conservation outcomes were prioritized over livelihood benefits. In the other 2 cases, livelihoods were prioritized. All case studies employed participatory approaches. There were multiple external actors, including local and Indigenous communities, nongovernmental organizations, agencies, regional and national governments, and international organizations, which enhanced conservation and wider sustainability outcomes. Key collaboration aspects considered across the case studies were time (mismatch between relationship building and project schedules), trust required for meaningful partnerships, tools employed, and transformative potential for people, nature, and the discipline of conservation biology. We developed guidelines for successful collaboration, including long-term commitment, knowledge integration, multiscalar and plural approaches, cultivation of trust, appropriate engagement, evaluation, supporting students, and efforts for transformation.     

经济全球化对我国工业污染的影响

本文从定性描述和定量描述的角度，就外商投资和国际贸易对我国工业污染的影响进行分析。通过研究发现，从总体上看。外商投资和国际贸易对我国环境污染的影响不大，且有逐渐减缓的趋势。但就具体产业而言，外商投资确有转移污染的倾向，而且环境影响具有长期性和不确定性，所以，对外资和外贸必须进行严格的环境管理，以确保我国经济的持续、稳定发展。     

国际碳税政策实践发展与经验借鉴

碳税作为削减温室气体排放的有效市场经济政策手段,被全球多个国家推进实施并取得较好减排效果。目前,我国碳排放仍处于高位水平,碳减排行动面临严峻挑战。随着欧盟碳边境调节机制的推进,我国碳减排行动面临的国际形势也日趋复杂。因此,跟踪研究国际碳税政策最新实践进展,为我国实现“双碳”目标做好政策能力储备十分必要。本文系统分析了国际上碳税政策的实践进展与经验,将国际碳税政策实践发展分为初始起步阶段、探索发展阶段和深入拓展阶段,并从税制要素的角度全面总结了国际碳税实践的相关经验。根据国际碳税实践经验和我国的实际发展情况,本文提出了我国开征碳税的基本思路,并提出对使用含碳化石能源的单位或个人征收碳税,将碳税纳入环境保护税中实施统一征管等政策建议。     

Retiring: Role identity processes in retirement transition

Retirement transition has become a prolonged process of adaptation, including changes in role identity. However, there is a dearth of research on the process by which retirees cope with the role transition, including how pre-retirement role identities shape the transition, the forms of identity work undertaken by retirees, and the unfolding nature of retirement transition. In an in-depth qualitative examination of the transition process, we identify pre-retirement role identity profiles based on work and nonwork role identities. We then examine how pre-retirement role identities influence the transition process, including the nature of identity work in transition and the transition pathways demonstrated by retirees. Our findings provide insights into strengths and limitations afforded by pre-retirement identities: They facilitate agentic coping in which retirees shed old and adopt new identities but also impose inertia and prolong the transition until identity crises force the retirees to undergo identity exploration and adoption of new identities.     

北京大兴国际机场建设工程安全管理体系研究

为了实现建设北京新机场平安工程,确保工程建设重大事故隐患为零,生产安全责任事故为零的总体目标。根据北京大兴国际机场建设工程的特点,结合现代安全生产管理的先进理念,以落实建设方安全管理责任为核心,提出了适合北京大兴国家机场建设的安全管理体系。结果表明,该体系的运行实施,实现了北京大兴国际机场建设工程安全顺利竣工,且为类似工程项目建设方的安全管理工作提供了良好的借鉴。     

国际经验对我国生态保护红线管理的启示

中国在2011年正式提出生态保护红线战略,其主要目的是识别出最重要的生态系统,并实施严格保护。作为促进生态文明建设重要内容之一的生态保护红线的管理工作就显得尤其重要。美国和日本对生态保护地的管理形成了完善的法律法规体系,适合自身的机构管理体制,可持续的科学分区管理。欧盟则形成了纵横结合的生态网络管理体制。通过学习与借鉴美国、日本和欧盟对生态保护地的管理特点和经验,针对我国现行的生态保护红线管理存在的法规制度不完善以及管理部门不协同等问题,提出出台红线管理办法、对接空间规划强化管理工作、制定可持续性分区管理体制、构建以环境准入清单为抓手的纵横结合的管理监督体系等建议。     

“十四五”生态环境保护国际合作思路与实施路径探讨

生态环境国际合作是构建人类命运共同体建设的重要内容。"十三五"时期,我国在推动生态文明建设取得显著成效的同时,生态环境保护国际合作取得积极进展。本文在分析生态环境保护国际合作现状、不足以及面临新形势的基础上,提出坚持底线思维,突出重点,精准对接,以我为主、以外促内等合作原则,建议"十四五"时期加强战略规划和引领,提升生态环境国际合作的地位和作用,以建设性姿态参与全球环境治理,努力实现国内环境治理、全球环境治理以及全球治理良性互动,提升生态环境国际合作在服务国家总体发展战略中的地位和水平。并为此提出五大重点举措:即打造绿色"一带一路"成为区域环境合作的平台高地;更具建设性加强我与周边国家双边及多边环境合作;坚决维护多边主义的立场,主动参与全球环境治理体系变革;助力擦亮绿色底色,全力支撑服务打赢污染防治攻坚战;加快能力建设形成生态环境国际合作与交流的大格局。