电网建设项目环保管理信息系统的开发与应用

针对目前电网建设项目环境保护工作管理现状,利用可视化面向对象开发技术和图形化组态的概念构建出一个图形导航、树状导航相结合的环境保护工作管理信息系统软件。系统分为电网建设项目环境保护工作基础数据管理——项目管理、电网建设项目环境保护工作管理文件查询——项目环保文件查询和国家环境保护法律和法规等文件查询、常用文件管理四部分。应用结果证明,该系统基本满足了当前电网建设项目环境保护工作管理及信息化的要求,为电网建设项目环境保护工作管理提供了更加准确、便利的工具。     

中国环保产业市场定价策略探索

本文运用成本定律来分析环保产业的定价策略,提出有利于我国环保产业发展的合理价格机制。     

长沙市旅游-经济-生态系统耦合协调分析

长沙市作为旅游热门城市,近年来旅游产业蓬勃发展,经济发展迅速,而生态环境是旅游产业与区域经济发展的基石,只有旅游产业、区域经济与生态环境三者协调发展,才能实现绿色可持续发展.利用长沙市2007—2018年的数据,构建3个系统的综合评价指标体系,并分析了三者的耦合协调度,发现三者的发展状况和耦合协调度总体呈现逐年递增状态...     

产业转移对肇庆市水资源承载力的影响研究

随着区域合作的不断深入,互补性产业转移和产业承接日益成为区域内经济合作的热点和重点,但产业转移过程中不可避免地存在着一定程度的污染转移。正确评价区域发展的承载力,对于协调区域资源与国民经济发展的关系具有重要意义。应用因子分析法对肇庆市2003年的水资源承载力进行分析,结果表明：影响肇庆市水资源承栽力的主要的三个因子分别是水资源开发利用水平、水体纳污能力和自来水工程供水能力。肇庆市承接产业转移工业园后的水资源承载力变化情况表明产业转移政策在促进当地经济发展的同时,对大部分地区水环境所造成的影响是可接受的。     

废纸制浆造纸业环境影响评价的清洁生产分析

文章介绍了清洁生产的涵义和评价内容,明确了清洁生产分析在建设项目环境影响评价工作中的必要性。以重庆某废纸制浆造纸厂为分析对象,从原辅材料指标、产品指标、资源指标、工艺技术与装备水平、能耗指标及污染物产生指标这六个方面对该厂生产工艺进行了有效而全面的清洁生产分析,并以此探讨废纸制浆造纸厂环境影响评价中清洁生产分析的指标体系、指标权值和评价方法,为完成废纸制浆造纸行业环评过程中的清洁生产分析提供参考。     

陕西省钒行业清洁生产水平分析

选取资源能源利用、生产工艺技术、污染物排放、资源综合利用4类一级指标及其下属的18个二级指标,对陕西省18家钒产品生产企业进行清洁生产水平分析,分析结果：陕西省钒行业各评价指标的平均值属中等偏上清洁水平,矿石回采率、浸出率（湿法）、沉钒率、热解率、钒总回收率等指标得分较高,氨消耗和排放量、废石排放量、废水钒浓度及酸消耗量（火法）等指标得分较低,提出资源能源消耗、资源综合利用和生产工艺设备三方面对策。     

风浪流影响下的船舶废气排放测度模型研究

船舶速度是船舶废气排放量计算的重要影响因子。为更加准确地测度船舶废气排放量,考虑海洋环境场对船舶速度的影响,分析了风、浪、流影响下的船舶运动,利用获取的实时风、浪、流信息对船舶AIS提供的航速进行修正,在此基础上建立了风、浪、流影响下的船舶废气排放测度模型,并介绍了船舶引擎功率的估算方法,以及排放因子和负荷因子的确定。最后,选取某散货船和客滚船的两个航次,分别采用传统模型和风、浪、流影响下的船舶废气排放计算模型进行计算,以CO2排放量反推油耗,并计算其与实际油耗的误差,结果表明,与传统模型计算结果相比,基于风、浪、流影响下的船舶废气排放测度模型得到的误差均有所减小,分别减小16.90%、18.60%、21.59%、21.94%,验证了模型的有效性。     

Dioxin- and POP-contaminated sites—contemporary and future relevance and challenges

BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: Once they have been generated, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can persist in soils and sediments and in waste repositories for periods extending from decades to centuries. In 1994, the US EPA concluded that contaminated sites and other reservoirs are likely to become the major source of contemporary pollution problems with these substances. With this in mind, this article is the first in a new series in ESPR under the title 'Case Studies on Dioxin and POP Contaminated Sites--Contemporary and Future Relevance and Challenges', which will address this important issue. The series will document various experiences from sites contaminated with PCDD/F and other POPs. This article provides an overview of the content of the articles comprising the series. In addition, it provides a review of the subject in its own right and identifies the key issues arising from dioxin/POP-contaminated sites. Additionally, it highlights the important conclusions that can be drawn from these examples. The key aim of this article and of the series as a whole is to provide a comprehensive overview of the types of PCDD/F contaminated sites that exist as a result of historical activities. It details the various processes whereby these sites became contaminated and attempts to evaluate their contemporary relevance as sources of PCDD/Fs and other POPs. It also details the various strategies used to assess these historical legacies of contamination and the concepts developed, or which are under development, to effect their remediation. MAIN FEATURES: Special sessions on 'Contaminated sites--Cases, remediation, risk and policy' were held at the DIOXIN conferences in 2006 and 2007, and this theme will be continued at DIOXIN 2008 to be held in Birmingham. Selected cases from the approximately 70 contributions made to these sessions, together with some additional invited case studies are outlined together with the key issues they raise. By evaluating these cases and adding details of experiences published in the current literature, an overview will be given of the different features and challenges of dioxin and POP-contaminated sites. RESULTS: This article provides a systematic categorisation of types of PCDD/F and POP-contaminated sites. These are categorised according to the chemical or manufacturing process, which generated the PCDD/Fs or POPs and also includes the use and disposal aspects of the product life cycle in question. The highest historical PCDD/F and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination burdens have arisen as a result of the production of chlorine and of chlorinated organic chemicals. In particular, the production of chlorinated pesticides, PCBs and the related contaminated waste streams are identified being responsible for historical releases of toxic equivalents (TEQs) at a scale of many tonnes. Along with such releases, major PCDD/F contaminated sites have been created through the application or improper disposal of contaminated pesticides, PCBs and other organochlorine chemicals, as well through the recycling of wastes and their attempted destruction. In some extreme examples, PCDD/F contaminated sites have also resulted from thermal processes such as waste incinerators, secondary metal industries or from the recycling or deposition of specific waste (e.g. electronic waste or car shredder wastes), which often contain chlorinated or brominated organic chemicals. The examples of PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB contamination of fish in European rivers or the impact of contaminated sites upon fishing grounds and upon other food resources demonstrate the relevance of these historical problems to current and future human generations. Many of the recent food contamination problems that have emerged in Europe and elsewhere demonstrate how PCDD/F and dioxin like PCBs from historical sources can directly contaminate human and animal feedstuffs and indeed highlight their considerable contemporary relevance in this respect. Accordingly, some key experiences and lessons learnt regarding the production, use, disposal and remediation of POPs from the contaminated sites are summarised. DISCUSSION: An important criterion for evaluating the significance and risks of PCDD/Fs and other POPs at contaminated sites is their present or future potential for mobility. This, in turn, determines to a large degree their propensity for off-site transport and environmental accessibility. The detailed evaluation of contaminated site cases reveals different site-specific factors, which influence the varied pathways through which poor water-soluble POPs can be mobilised. Co-contaminants with greater water solubility are also typically present at such sites. Hence, pumping of groundwater (pump and treat) is often required in addition to attempting to physically secure a site. At an increasing number of contaminated sites, securing measures are failing after relatively short time spans compared to the time horizon, which applies to persistent organic pollutant contamination. Due to the immense costs and challenges associated with remediation of contaminated sites 'monitored natural attenuation' is increasingly gaining purchase as a conceptual remediation approach. However, these concepts may well prove limited in their practical application to contaminated sites containing persistent organic pollutants and other key pollutants like heavy metals. CONCLUSIONS: It is inevitable, therefore, that dioxin/POP-contaminated sites will remain of contemporary and future relevance. They will continue to represent an environmental issue for future generations to address. The securing and/or remediation of dioxin/POP-contaminated sites is very costly, generally in the order of tens or hundreds of millions of dollars. Secured landfills and secured production sites need to be considered as constructions not made for 'eternity' but built for a finite time scale. Accordingly, they will need to be controlled, supervised and potentially repaired/renewed. Furthermore, the leachates and groundwater impacted by these sites will require ongoing monitoring and potential further remediation. These activities result in high maintenance costs, which are accrued for decades or centuries and should, therefore, be compared to the fully sustainable option of complete remediation. The contaminated site case studies highlight that, while extensive policies and established funds for remediation exist in most of the industrialised western countries, even these relatively well-regulated and wealthy countries face significant challenges in the implementation of a remediation strategy. This highlights the fact that ultimately only the prevention of contaminated sites represents a sustainable solution for the future and that the Polluter Pays Principle needs to be applied in a comprehensive way to current problems and those which may emerge in the future. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: With the continuing shift of industrial activities in developing and transition economies, which often have poor regulation (and weak self-regulation of industries), additional global challenges regarding POPs and other contaminated sites may be expected. In this respect, a comprehensive application of the "polluter pays principle" in these countries will also be a key to facilitate the clean-up of contaminated areas and the prevention of future contaminated sites. The threats and challenges of contaminated sites and the high costs of securing/remediating the problems highlight the need for a comprehensive approach based upon integrated pollution prevention and control. If applied to all polluting (and potentially polluting) industrial sectors around the globe, such an approach will prove to be both the cheapest and most sustainable way to underpin the development of industries in developing and transition economies.     

震害下电-气关联生命线网络韧性研究

随着各类生命线网络间关联日益紧密,对关联生命线网络进行韧性研究刻不容缓。以地震灾害为背景,构建了城市电-气关联生命线网络韧性评估框架,并基于电力潮流分析和天然气稳态仿真分析,建立了考虑电力网络和燃气网络功能特性的性能评价指标。同时,以关联的IEEE30节点网络和20节点燃气网络为案例,结合评估框架分析网络韧性在不同恢复预算和恢复资源下的变化规律,为资源优化配置提供依据,为建设“韧性城市”提供支撑。     

在市场经济条件下推进环境保护服务业发展

长期以来，我国第一产业，第二产业在经济中的比重相对偏高，而服务业却比较落后和幼稚，在21世纪的经济中，服务业的落后才真正意味着经济的落后，随着市场经济的发展，特别是我国加入WTO后，与国际接轨的步伐加快，给服务业尤其是环保服务业的发展提供了机遇，并开辟了广阔的空间，本文分析了我国环保市场及其管理的现状，强调了环保服务业的发展是市场经济的客观要求，明确了现阶段我国环保服务业的基本工作范围，提出了推进环保服务业发展的思路及建议。