乐安河水环境现状及其治理措施

根据水文、水质和污染源调查结果,分析了乐安河流域水质的污染现状和综合环境质量,认为CODCr和氨氮是乐安河流域的主要水污染物,畜牧养殖业和城镇居民生活污水是最主要的污染源。根据这些分析,从乐安河流域的水质控制目标出发,提出了以污染源达标排放、筹建生活污水处理厂、控制面源污染、实施生态恢复、加强监控与管理等措施作为乐安河水环境综合治理的对策。     

开放型公共场所应急疏散标识优化设计方法研究

为优化设计开放型公共场所的应急疏散标识,根据最短疏散时间、出口匹配原则建立两步优化模型,利用计算机仿真技术及数学优化模型,对开放型公共场所的疏散方案进行优化,合理分配各出口的疏散人数,对区域进行划分并设置相应的疏散标识。以某广场为例,运用上述方法进行疏散标识的优化设计,验证了该方法的可行性和适用性。优化结果表明,各出口的疏散人数分别调整至为282、143、152和424人后,疏散时间较初始状态降低了45.3%。该优化设计方法不仅可为开放型公共场所应急疏散标识的设置提供支持,还可为其他场所制定疏散方案、设置疏散指引标识提供参考。     

以河床井水为应急水源的可行性研究

为解决城市水源地突发污染事故引起的自来水厂断水问题,提出了以河床井水代替受污染河水作为应急水源的应急预案,在取水口附近的河床打一口水井,当城市水源地发生突发污染事故时,关闭取水头水阀,开启水井水阀,以河床井水作为应急水源,并通过模拟试验验证了其可行性.结果表明,在细沙体积分数为40％的土壤条件下,原水苯胺质量浓度分别为952 mg/L、781 mg/L、580 mg/L、452mg/L、352mg/L、182mg/L的试验中,出水苯胺质量浓度开始超标的时间随土壤渗透系数减小而延迟,与原水苯胺质量浓度无关.当土壤渗透系数为1.94×10-5～ 3.64×10-5 cm/s时,出水苯胺质量浓度开始超标的时间为84～ 144h,以河床井水作为应急水源可以避免由河水突发污染引起的84h内的自来水厂断水事故.土壤对苯胺的吸附量仅占原水中苯胺含量的14.95％～ 2.86％,其对出水苯胺质量浓度开始超标的时间的影响可以忽略,出水苯胺开始出现的时间主要由土壤渗透系数决定.出水苯胺最大质量浓度随原水苯胺质量浓度增大呈线性增加,线性方程为y =0.4979x-3.7029,R2=0.9775.研究表明,以河床井水作为应急水源,能够有效地降低城市因突发污染事故而引起的自来水厂断水的可能性.     

熟悉环境条件下的公共场所人员疏散仿真模型研究

建立能够准确描述熟悉公共场所环境人员真实疏散行为的仿真模型,用于指导编制开发具有较高仿真度的程序软件。该模型是在参考Helbing社会力模型建模思想的基础上,分析和量化影响熟悉环境人员疏散行为的主要因素,同时引入可翻越度概念区分不同属性障碍物对人员疏散行为的不同影响,并结合分子模拟原理建立,最后运用C#编程语言实现一个比较具有代表性虚拟场景的模拟,其仿真结果显示模型能够较为完整地体现熟悉环境人员的疏散轨迹及移动速度变化,适用于高铁客运站等公共场所。     

Post-Sidr public housing assistance in Bangladesh: a case study

Housing is not only a structure, but also a process tied up with social, cultural, psychological and economic attributes. Following Cyclone Sidr, the Government of Bangladesh has been using ‘build back better’ as a colloquial slogan to push forward the idea of resilience in post-disaster interventions, especially with regard to rebuilding houses. This paper examines how and whether the idea is reflected through the government's post-Sidr housing project at Gabtola. It problematizes the slogan from the accounts of community participation, local practicalities, culture, weather and potential future risks. Based on eight months of ethnographic fieldwork at Gabtola, this research found that the basic attributes of the ‘build back better’ slogan are absent with regard to the housing scheme's cost efficiency, management, livelihoods, public health aspects and tolerance against a super-cyclone. These findings will provide valuable insights into the problems associated with the implementation of post-cyclone public housing programmes in Bangladesh. Such insights can assist public authorities and other relevant organizations and donor agencies in revising and improving their post-disaster housing programmes in the wake of future disasters.     

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION: THE CHALLENGE OF TRANSLATION1

ABSTRACT: Global climate change is examined from the perspective of its relevancy and urgency as a public policy issue. Interpreting from literature specific to investigations into public awareness and concern, climate change is seen as a legitimate though less than urgent issue. The literature reveals that the general public holds surprising misconceptions about the processes contributing to climate change, including failure to grasp the fundamental connection to CO₂. General ambivalence is also suggested from the results of two surveys conducted by The Groundwater Foundation. They first asked participants in a recent Groundwater Guardian Conference to rate levels of discussion and concern for water resources implications in the participants' communities. A second survey polled national water resource organizations about the extent climate change has been a focus of their educational, investigative, or advocacy efforts. The paper concludes by describing basic barriers to stimulating public response to climate change, which education about the issue should address, and by offering a model to educate and involve citizens based on the Groundwater Guardian program developed by the The Groundwater Foundation.     

Aligning the logics of inquiry and action to address the biodiversity crisis

Despite an abundance of research reaffirming biodiversity's importance to the health of the planet and society, species continue to go extinct at an alarming rate. Why has continued research on the value of biodiversity not had the intended effect and what can be done about it? We considered biodiversity loss as a public value failure and the result of a misalignment between the logic of inquiry (which guides scientists) and the logic of action (which guides practitioners). We drew lessons from our own research to propose the creation of a national biodiversity strategy designed to link the logic of inquiry with the logic of action and coordinate the production of actionable conservation science and informed conservation action.     

基于人口视角的公共服务均等化改革

公共服务的利益分享和成本分担,最终都会落实到每一个人的身上,"人"是其中的一个重要影响因素.我国不同社会成员享有的公共服务水平存在着很大的不同,而且各自所承担的公共服务提供成本也有着较大的差距.本文立足于"人"这一基点,从三个方面剖析了我国公共服务非均等格局形成的原因:①长期存在的对"人"身份进行区分的传统及其在我国社会经济制度中的体现是我国公共服务非均等格局形成的根源;②人口流动性的缺乏为我国公共服务非均等格局的形成提供了某种便利;③巨大的人口规模以及农村人口占多数的人口结构等也加剧了我国公共服务非均等格局的程度.从"人"的角度看,我国推进公共服务均等化改革的基本思路是:彻底消除身份传统在公共服务体制中的影响,建立起无差别的公共服务供给制度和公平的公共服务成本分担机制;努力提高人口的流动性,并使社会经济改革与不新提高的人口流动性相适应;通过大力发展中小城镇等方式来适当调整人口结构.     

长三角地区经济一体化与土地资源管理

20世纪90年代初以来,长江三角洲地区的经济发展非常迅猛。该地区经济一体化正在加速向前推进,新一轮经济建设的高潮已经来临,这将会给土地资源特别是耕地资源带来强大的冲击。面对这一新的形势,从土地管理的角度来说,应采取必要的应对策略。具体来说,在正确处理好经济建设与保护土地资源的关系的前提下,应该积极、主动地为工业化、城市化及改善人民生活条件做好供地服务。与此同时,应牢牢把握保护土地资源特别是耕地资源这条主线不动摇,正确处理好构筑商务成本“盆地”与防止国有土地资产流失的关系,并进一步规范土地市场,完善土地招标拍卖制度,按照正确的“经营城市”理念,积极探索土地储备的新模式。此外,应高度重视失地农民的生活保障问题。     

On the Plaintiff’s Subject Qualification for Environmental Public Interest Litigation Instituted by People’s Procuratorates

Although it is not the main duty for the People’s Procuratorate to institute environmental public interest litigation proceedings, the existence of "reserve" prosecution right of plaintiff not only is beneficial to timely prevention and cure of environmental damage, but also contributes indispensable judicial supervision force to the environmental legality construction. In order to safeguard environmental public interests, many local prosecutorial organizations have practiced environmental public interests litigation. Since Chinese law has not made explicit stipulation on the function of the People’s Procuratorate instituting environmental public interest litigation, the plaintiff’s subject qualification for environmental public interest litigation instituted by the People’s Procuratorate is still in question. In order to propel the People’s Procuratorate to completely and fully exercise their power of supervision and prosecution, there shall be corresponding legislation that provides powerful guarantee for the People’s Procuratorate instituting environmental public interest litigation.