完善省级土壤环境质量监督管理的思考

概述全国土壤环境质量监管体系,分析江苏省土壤环境质量监督管理现状,存在污染管理制度不完善,土壤环境监测能力不足等问题。建议建立健全相关制度、体系和规范,包括加强污染场地管理,分类制定土壤环境管理办法,建立场地土壤环境质量档案,完善土壤环境质量监测管理体系,深化土壤调查和修复,推进土壤标准研究,创新土壤环境管理制度。     

Health impact assessment of Roma housing policies in Central and Eastern Europe: A comparative analysis

Marginalised Roma communities in European countries live in substandard housing conditions the improvement of which has been one of the major issues of the Decade of Roma Inclusion, the ongoing intergovernmental European Roma programme. The paper presents EU-funded health impact assessments of national Roma housing policies and programmes in 3 Central and Eastern European countries in light of the evaluation of a completed local project in a fourth CEE country so as to compare predicted effects to observed ones. Housing was predicted to have beneficial health effects by improving indoor and outdoor conditions, access to services, and socioeconomic conditions. Negative impacts were predicted only in terms of maintenance expenses and housing tenure. However, observed impacts of the completed local project did not fully support predictions especially in terms of social networks, satisfaction with housing and neighbourhood, and inhabitant safety. In order to improve the predictive value of HIA, more evidence should be produced by the careful evaluation of locally implemented housing projects. In addition, current evidence is in favour of planning Roma housing projects at the local rather than at the national level in alignment with the principle of subsidiarity.     

基于灰色拓扑的公共聚集场所火灾预测模型

根据1991—2006年间中国公共聚集场所火灾统计资料,针对公共聚集场所火灾影响因子的不确定性和数据的波动性,运用灰色拓扑预测方法探讨公共聚集场所火灾发生的规律,并建立灰色拓扑预测模型,预测未来5年内火灾发生情况。结果表明,所建立的灰色拓扑预测模型的检验精度都达到"好"的标准。因此,采用该模型对公共聚集场所火灾发生情况进行预测,其结果比较可靠,可供消防部门参考。     

云南省昆明市居民生态环保意识调查研究

本文主要是对云南省昆明市居民环保意识进行调查研究,通过分析得到文化水平与环保意识存在正相关的关系;居民的环保意识与环保行动脱节;政府、企业的环保力度不够大等结论。最后给出了相应的建议和措施。     

论电子阅览室管理中的安全问题与对策

随着现代信息网络技术的不断发展和广泛使用,使用电子阅览室查阅各种文献的读者迅速增加,电子阅览室的安全问题也愈发突出。从计算机及辅助设备的安全管理和维护、加强对计算机病毒的防治、加强对用户的管理等方面探讨了在网络环境下如何实现对电子阅览室日常的安全管理。     

关于环境影响评价中公众参与的探讨

对影响公众参与有效性的因素作了初步探讨,提出了提高环境影响评价中公众参与有效性的方法：即加强环保宣传,强化公众参与意识,完善环境影响评价职业准则,选择合理的公众,选择科学的公众参与时间,设计科学的公众参与步骤以及加强法律保障。     

The potential role of stated preference methods in the Water Framework Directive to assess disproportionate costs

This paper examines the issue of disproportionate costs of Water Framework Directive (WFD) implementation using public surveys as a means to inform policy and decision making. Public taxpayers are asked their opinion regarding the implementation of the WFD and its costs. Taxpayers are expected to bear a large share of the cost of WFD implementation, be it through national taxation, local water pollution charges or higher market prices for water related goods and services. The paper's main objective is to illustrate the role of stated preference research to elicit public opinions and perceptions towards socially acceptable levels of water quality and public willingness to pay (WTP) for the expected environmental benefits of the WFD. Stated preference research can be used as a way to assess the concept of disproportionate costs to those who are expected to bear a large share of the costs of WFD implementation, and at the same time address the issue of public participation in the WFD. The survey results are used as a public consultation tool to inform policy and decision makers about public willingness and ability to pay for the implementation of the WFD. This measure can be used as one of the benchmarks to define disproportionate costs in a cost-benefit context.     

Promoting community involvement at brownfields sites in socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods

Brownfields programmes provide environmental justice to distressed communities by applying private sector remediation and real estate expertise to abandoned and contaminated properties. This study examines how brownfields developers and community support organisations operating in socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods work to increase awareness of projects in the community, build trust between stakeholders and create mechanisms for community members to participate in brownfields decision making. Analysis of case study data from brownfields sites in four US cities shows that developers and non-governmental organisations can play important roles in fashioning redevelopment outcomes which benefit both developers and communities. When standard required outreach efforts are combined with non-traditional community involvement mechanisms, the result is often long-term support for redevelopment projects.     

环保行政强制执行制度的反思与重构

简述了环保行政执法与强制执行之间的关系，指出了我国现行的行政执法法律制度存在的不足。现行环保法律法规把强制执行的权力主要配置给法院，环保部门在行政执法中，很少有自行强制执行手段，不能有效遏制和减少环保违法行为的发生，降低了环保行政执法的效率和环保法律法规的威慑力，使环保行政执法的目的不能顺利和完全实现。提出环保行政强制执行制度必须改革。改革后的环保行政强制执行的模式应该是：环保行政强制执行权全部由环保行政主管部门行使，即自行执行；同时对环保行政主管部门行使强制执行权从程序制约、指导原则和救济保障措施上加以完善。     

社交媒体的环境关注能改善空气质量吗？

随着移动互联网的快速发展,社交媒体日益成为公众表达对重污染天气等环境问题关注的工具。本研究以微博为例,探讨了社交媒体反映的环境关注对城市PM_2.5浓度水平的影响以及内在机制。研究发现,微博上环境关注的空间分布显示出向高等级和高污染城市聚集的倾向,PM_2.5浓度水平高的地区集中在煤炭资源或重工业集聚的地区。空间回归模型的结果证实了社交媒体的环境关注能显著降低PM_2.5浓度水平,层级较高的城市及创新能力较强的城市能够更好地回应社交媒体的环境关注,并有效降低城市的PM_2.5浓度水平。本研究表明,社交媒体的环境关注已经成为环境治理中的一种重要力量,在分析环境问题时应该充分考虑新兴社交媒体平台的影响。