ISO 26000框架下的煤矿安全管理

随着国际标准化组织制定的社会责任指南(ISO26000)颁布日期的临近,企业社会责任再次被提上日程,企业的各项管理工作也需要在履行社会责任的前提下开展。本文针对煤炭企业安全事故频发的现状,将煤矿安全置于社会责任框架下进行研究。论文在对ISO26000进行概述的基础上,讨论煤炭企业履行社会责任对煤矿安全的影响,提出社会责任框架下,煤矿安全管理的建议。     

建筑可持续发展视角下供应链协调与社会责任共担机理研究方案架构

基于建筑全生命周期这个主线,建筑可持续发展视角下供应链协调与社会责任共担机理研究,以绿色建筑供应链运行效率为导向,以既有建筑节能改造效率为切入点,以产业链过程中各主体行为规律为基础,采用“总-分-合”的基本研究思路模式,聚焦了“主导企业驱动下绿色建筑供应链协调机理与策略、既有建筑节能改造主体社会责任共担机理、建筑废弃物再生利用产业链主体社会责任共担机理”等三部分核心内容,初步形成建筑可持续发展视角下供应链协调与社会责任共担机理的理论体系。本成果采用“总-分-合”的思路模式,基于循环经济理念和主体行为策略视角,遵循研究的学理逻辑,以研究生学位论文为基础,开展“主导企业驱动下绿色建筑供应链协调机理与策略、既有建筑节能改造主体社会责任共担机理、建筑废弃物再生利用产业链主体社会责任共担机理”3个子课题研究,从系统整体概况实施全面研究规划着手,构架了总括、绿色建筑供应链协调机理、既有建筑节能改造主体社会责任共担、建筑废弃物再生利用社会责任共担、总结等五大模块及上中下三大篇共12章的系统体系。     

No net loss for people and biodiversity

Governments, businesses, and lenders worldwide are adopting an objective of no net loss (NNL) of biodiversity that is often partly achieved through biodiversity offsetting within a hierarchy of mitigation actions. Offsets aim to balance residual losses of biodiversity caused by development in one location with commensurate gains at another. Although ecological challenges to achieve NNL are debated, the associated gains and losses for local stakeholders have received less attention. International best practice calls for offsets to make people no worse off than before implementation of the project, but there is a lack of clarity concerning how to achieve this with regard to people's use and nonuse values for biodiversity, especially given the inevitable trade-offs when compensating biodiversity losses with gains elsewhere. This is particularly challenging for countries where poor people depend on natural resources. Badly planned offsets can exacerbate poverty, and development and offset impacts can vary across spatial-temporal scales and by location, gender, and livelihood. We conceptualize the no-worse-off principle in the context of NNL of biodiversity, by exploring for whom and how the principle can be achieved. Changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of biodiversity-related social impacts of a development and its associated offset can lead to social inequity and negatively impact people's well-being. The level of aggregation (regional, village, interest group, household, and individual) at which these social impacts are measured and balanced can again exacerbate inequity in a system. We propose that a determination that people are no worse off, and preferably better off, after a development and biodiversity offset project than they were before the project should be based on the perceptions of project-affected people (assessed at an appropriate level of aggregation); that their well-being associated with biodiversity losses and gains should be at least as good as it was before the project; and that this level of well-being should be maintained throughout the project life cycle. Employing this principle could help ensure people are no worse off as a result of interventions to achieve biodiversity NNL.     

Considerations for using alternative technologies in nutrient management on Cape Cod: Beyond cost and performance

Mitigating non-point source nitrogen in coastal estuaries is economically, environmentally, logistically, and socially challenging. On Cape Cod, Massachusetts, nitrogen management includes both traditional, centralized wastewater treatment and sewering as well as a number of alternative technologies. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 37 participants from governmental and non-governmental organizations as well as related industries to identify the barriers and opportunities for the use of alternative technologies to mitigate nitrogen pollution. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed using content analysis and rhetorical analysis. Cost and technical capacity to reduce nitrogen were the most discussed considerations. Beyond those, there were a slew of additional considerations that also impacted whether a technology would be installed, permitted, and socially accepted. These included: maintenance and monitoring logistics, comparisons to sewering, co-benefits, risk/uncertainty, community culture, extent of public engagement, permitting/regulatory challenges, and siting considerations. The insights about these additional considerations are valuable for transferring to other coastal areas managing nutrient impairments that may have not yet factored in these considerations when making decisions about how to meet water quality goals.     

How to Discredit a Social Movement: Negative Framing of “Idle No More” in Canadian Print Media

The Idle No More (INM) movement entered public view in November 2012 as a grassroots response to Canadian federal legislation Bill C-45, an omnibus bill that reduced environmental protection of lands and waters. Backed by new media technologies, Indigenous activists and their Settler Canadian allies took a series of online and offline actions to bring public attention to Bill C-45’s devastating implications and the socio-economic sufferings of Indigenous people across Canada. This explorative study examines how INM was reported by nine Canadian print media during its initial upsurge from December 2012 to January 2013. A mixed-methods content analysis reveals that although there were numerous supportive voices discussing INM’s contributions to Indigenous self-determination and environmental protection, they were overwhelmed by anti-INM rhetoric advanced by Postmedia Network and its affiliated titles. The study thus highlights the importance of promoting communication and media alternatives for future struggles against capitalism’s appropriation of nature.     

Characterizing Interpersonal Influence for Grassland Conservation Behaviours in a Unique Population

Interpersonal communication can influence the decisions people make about engaging in conservation behaviours. In-depth interviews with Tibetan pastoralists serve as the basis for examining interpersonal communication patterns and sources of interpersonal influence about grassland conservation behaviours. Herding and family groups are key collectives; salient sources of information vary across types of information. Salient individuals are those with credibility and means control: community leaders, elders, veterinarians, and government officials. Explicit information about conservation comes from religious leaders. The findings have significant implications for understanding the function and nature of interpersonal influence in unique population groups regarding conservation actions.     

Illegal landfill in Italy (EU)—a multidisciplinary approach

Illegal dumping of solid waste is a matter of recent concern because of its numerous impacts. The regulatory framework of the European Union and Italy is disclosed. Degradation of air, bodies of water, groundwater, and soil can occur in the illegal landfill and surrounding sites causing e.g. acidification, eutrophication global warming and photochemical smog. Animals and plants are subjected to landfill borne pollutants that can damage them seriously. Landfill pollutants have also harmful effects on human beings raising the risk of illness such as cancer and cardiorespiratory disease. Finally illegal landfilling practices lead to economical, aesthetic impacts, and sociological discomfort that lead to multiple collective actions, blockages, and information campaigns, rising sense of belonging.     

社会资本理论在我国应急管理领域应用研究综述

为有效发挥社会资本理论在我国应急管理领域的作用,采用文献研究方法在对社会资本概念界定和国内研究流派总结的基础上,详细梳理社会资本理论在我国应急管理领域不同发展时期及应急管理周期各环节的相关文献。结果表明:社会资本在我国应急管理领域的应用中存在概念界定不清晰、研究方法受限及研究侧重点不均衡困境。为克服研究困境,结合我国应急管理特色,提出社会资本在应急管理领域未来的研究重点与方向。     

我国涉水旅游安全事故的时空分布及成因研究*

为探究我国涉水旅游安全事故的时空分布特征及事故成因机制,提升旅游目的地安全管理水平。以2010—2018年我国旅行社责任险平台的1 752起涉水旅游安全事故保险案例为数据源,利用社会网络分析方法,并结合Ucinet可视化分析技术构建事故时空分布模型及事故成因模型。结果表明:在时空分布规律上,我国涉水旅游安全事故具有较强的时间导向性和空间异质性;在事故成因规律上,游览环境因素和游客自身因素是导致事故发生的主要原因,同时不同影响因素之间具有较强的关联性。研究结果有助于深化旅游者及安全管理人员对涉水旅游安全风险认知,为相关旅游目的地安全管理工作提供理论依据。     

多层建筑楼梯疏散宽度组合仿真研究

为探究事故发生时楼梯宽度对多层建筑疏散效率的影响,结合多层建筑楼梯疏散特点,建立多层建筑楼梯疏散模型。基于多层建筑疏散过程,以社会力模型为基础,分析多层建筑行人疏散方式,构建楼梯疏散汇流模型;计算各楼层行人汇流时间以及楼梯汇流疏散效率;以某多层教学楼为仿真案例,构建不同楼梯宽度组合疏散场景,仿真多层建筑物疏散过程,获取各楼层汇流时间及楼梯疏散效率。结果表明:楼层平台汇流持续时间与楼层所在位置正相关,楼层所在位置越高,汇流持续时间越长;低楼层楼梯宽度增加有利于优化中间楼层行人汇流作用,提高多层建筑疏散效率,而高楼层楼梯宽度增加则会加剧中间楼层行人汇流对疏散的不利影响,降低多层建筑疏散效率。