对环境影响评价制度中引入社会影响评价机制的探讨

中国环境影响评价制度历经30年之完善发展,已成为构建和谐社会不可或缺之法律制度。然而近年来开发活动中由环境问题引发的诸多社会问题,暴露出环评对社会因素考虑之不足。本文在分析社会影响评价对环评辅助作用的基础上,提出在环境影响评价制度中引入社会影响评价机制的政策建议。并借鉴国外经验,进一步提出完善公众参与,为社会影响评价立法,制定相关规范、标准的构想。从技术层面,着重探讨了社会影响评价程序、方法和指标体系等。     

On the Role of a Decentralized Control System in Adaptation to High Ambient Temperature in a Population of the Oligochaete Tubifex tubifex

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

河北省高校社会体育专业培养目标及学生满意度调查分析

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法和对比分析法,对我省社会体育专业本专科院校的培养目标情况、学生收获和满意度情况进行调查分析。研究结果表明,中环院社会体育专业学生对课程体系设置的满意度最高,就业信心指数最大。进一步分析可知,以社会体育产业为目标定位、以能力本位为教育模式对社会体育专业学生的培养具有一定的优越性     

The central role of centralisation in environmental policy initialisation

While economic research on environmental policy is mainly concerned with instruments, political science concentrates on actors. The issue of centralisation needs to be analysed using a multidisciplinary approach because it is connected with both actors and instruments. Linking the Advocacy Coalition Framework with an economic approach, the paper first develops an innovative model in order to understand the mechanisms of centralisation and decentralisation in the different phases of policy processes. Focusing on environmental policy, the idea is developed that environmental policy needs the push of centralisation in order to institutionalise the prevailing social norm, but then should be organised decentrally to account for regional differences. The examples of air pollution, climate change and urban sprawl are used to test the explanatory power of the theoretical approach.     

Impacts of Social and Demographic Factors on Residents＇ Subjective Well-being in Rural China

The objective of social development is to construct a harmonious society.In China,the key to a harmonious society is the happiness of more than 900 million farmers living in the rural areas.This study aimed to measure rural residents' subjective well-being(SWB) through the day reconstruction method,as well as to analyze SWB's influencing factors through a variety of statistical methods.The results showed that the average U index was 12.79%,indicating that respondents were unhappy 12.79% of the time.Twenty-seven percent of the population had a U index greater than 0,with the average value being 47%,indicating that these people were unhappy 47% of the time.The study also found that SWB varied according to the characteristics of the respondents.Logistic regression analysis showed that social and demographic factors,including age,education,county,household size,generation number,per capita income,migration status and social networking,which significantly affected rural residents' SWB.The size of the impact varied with the different factors.     

Place as a social space: fields of encounter relating to the local sustainability process

The paper shows how sustainability questions relate to the local space. The local place is not a static entity, but a dynamic one, undergoing constant changes, and it is the rapid social and material processes within the given local situation that is a challenge for the Chinese villages and their integrity. The following article considers the cohesion between the dwellers' emotional co-ownership of their local space and the sustainability process as a driving force in social, economic and ecological development. We bring together the classification of the seven fields of encounter, which were developed out of the empirical data of the Chinese case study villages, and sustainability oriented management considerations for all levels of this concept. We do not pretend to know the solutions, but describe a set of interrelated fields that can be anchor points for placing the solutions and show in which fields action and intervention is possible. In our concept of sustainability, every spatial field has its special meaning, needs special measures and policies and has different connotations to concepts like responsibility, family values or communication systems. We see the social sustainability process as a support for the empowerment of the local dwellers, and the SUCCESS research has encouraged the villages to find suitable sustainability oriented solutions for their natural and societal situation. Before entering the discussion about the chances and potential of a sustainability approach for the Chinese villages, it is first necessary to accept the fact that rural villages play a primordial role in Chinese society and that their potential can strengthen future pathways for China.     

社会竞争与社会多样性

作为自然界的一部分,人类社会的运行不能不受制于自然的法则。本文基于达尔文“优胜劣汰”的竞争法则和生物多样性理论从生态学的角度对社会系统进行分析,揭示了社会竞争与社会多样性在人类社会领域各自发挥的重要作用,并根据二者关系建立社会发展的生态新模式,指出社会竞争的极限是不以牺牲社会多样性为代价。     

Social learning from public engagement: dreaming the impossible?

Learning that transcends participation processes is critical if public engagement is to translate into a legacy of enhanced environmental citizenship. However, a lack of empirical evidence has limited discussion to date to largely ‘aspirational’ claims. This paper offers the first rigorous examination of whether public participation does generate beyond-process social learning. Initially we review the literature on public participation and environmental citizenship to identify the key dimensions of social learning. We then re-visit a well-worked case study of an innovative public engagement process on the Hampshire waste strategy from the 1990s. Approximately one third of the original participants have been interviewed to identify whether and how the experience had a lasting effect on them. Key methodological difficulties are discussed, not least the analytical difficulties of attributing learning to a process that happened ten years previously. However, we argue that there is evidence that both instrumental and communicative learning have taken place, and conclude by identifying key areas that require further research.     

基于可持续生计的农村家庭灾后恢复研究

灾后恢复研究相对较少,是整个灾害治理/应急管理全流程(减灾、备灾、救灾和灾后恢复)中最需要加强的部分。目前大部分灾后恢复研究都侧重于物质重建,缺少全面的视角。本文借鉴被广泛用于发展领域内的可持续生计分析框架来分析农村家庭灾后恢复过程,希望为灾后恢复研究提供一个全面的视角,同时对可持续生计分析框架在灾害治理研究中的适用性进行一定的验证。本文所用数据来自于一项跟踪调查。研究地点为汶川地震某重灾县。首次问卷调查在2009年1月份开展,采用分层抽样方法,以访谈员面对面访问的形式,共在该县3个乡镇(9个村)调查了515户居民。第二次回访在2012年夏天进行,共完成415户家庭回访工作,回访率约为80.56%。通过对比两次调查所得415户相同农户家庭的生计资本(自然资本、金融资本,人力资本,物资资本,社会资本)数据,研究发现整体上农户所拥有的五类生计资本在灾后恢复阶段都有较大提升,其中物资资本增幅最高,其次是自然资本,金融资本,社会资本,增幅最小的是人力资本。生计资本在整体增加的同时,不同家庭间的物资、金融、人力和自然资本差距(标准差)也有所加大,但社会资本差距(标准差)有所减少。研究结果也从侧面证实了我国汶川地震灾后恢复主要侧重于物质重建,而且灾后恢复效果明显。同时,为灾难事件可以增强社会凝聚力提供了证据。跟踪调查中社会资本在灾后显著升高,而且不同家庭间的差距变小。研究表明,可持续生计分析框架可以为以家庭和社区为单元的灾害研究提供一个较好的分析工具。     

北京密云水库地区可持续发展模式研究

本文利用系统分析方法剖析了密云社会经济系统特征 ,构建了密云可持续发展系统动力学模型 ,进而设计了三种不同发展模式 ,并将其在模型上仿真运行 ,通过对三种方案的模拟结果比较 ,从中优选出一个经济和环境协调发展的综合方案 ,为决策者提供科学的决策依据