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251.
中国加入WTO所面临的机遇与挑战2001年10月在伦敦"中英论坛"上就"经济全球化中的环境与贸易"议题的发言 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论述了环境与贸易的关系、中国加入WTO的环境影响,指出中国在处理环境与贸易问题上应遵循国际上公认的基本原则. 相似文献
252.
环境标准是环境科学中经常出现的一个概念,它对环境法的制定和实施都发挥着十分重要的作用。选取了良好环境权这一视角,对环境标准制度展开论述。在分别介绍了环境标准和良好环境权的基本内容之后,对两者的互动关系进行了分析;在此基础上,文章对有关环境标准的两个难题作了深入的探讨,希望对这方面的研究有所助益。 相似文献
253.
实现“十一五”规划纲要中关于总量控制的战略目标,在采用排污收费政府管制手段防治污染的同时,把排污权交易制度作为实施总量控制目标的主要手段来抓,具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文就排污收费制度与排污权交易制度各方面存在的异同,讨论并指出排污权交易制度存在的必要性,把排污权交易制度作为一种过渡性措施加以构建,缓解经济发展与环境保护的矛盾,实现人与自然的和谐发展。 相似文献
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255.
冯晓宇 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2014,(4):85-88
针对高职院校国际贸易专业教学中校内实训与实际岗位需求脱节、不能激发学生的实践能力等问题,提出虚拟仿真实训教学在国际贸易专业中的应用,包括虚拟仿真实训教学的构建思路、实训体系的建立、实训内容和效果的评估、基于仿真外贸业务流程的实训平台建设。 相似文献
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257.
长期以来,环保被当作一种社会义务或福利。然而,在环保问题日益受到国际关注并且多边国际规范不断加严的情况下,环境问题不仅是社会问题,更是一个经济问题,环保既可以造成致命的经济问题,也可以产生可观的经济效益。该文从环保已成为世界贸易组织等国际规范的重要内容,环保对国际贸易的直接影响等方面,来阐述环境保护与中国外贸事业发展的关系,并就外贸发展对策提出了一些较有见地的看法。 相似文献
258.
Species composition of the international shark fin trade assessed through a retail‐market survey in Hong Kong
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Andrew T. Fields Gunter A. Fischer Stanley K. H. Shea Huarong Zhang Debra L. Abercrombie Kevin A. Feldheim Elizabeth A. Babcock Demian D. Chapman 《Conservation biology》2018,32(2):376-389
The shark fin trade is a major driver of shark exploitation in fisheries all over the world, most of which are not managed on a species‐specific basis. Species‐specific trade information highlights taxa of particular concern and can be used to assess the efficacy of management measures and anticipate emerging threats. The species composition of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, one of the world's largest fin trading hubs, was partially assessed in 1999–2001. We randomly selected and genetically identified fin trimmings (n = 4800), produced during fin processing, from the retail market of Hong Kong in 2014–2015 to assess contemporary species composition of the fin trade. We used nonparametric species estimators to determine that at least 76 species of sharks, batoids, and chimaeras supplied the fin trade and a Bayesian model to determine their relative proportion in the market. The diversity of traded species suggests species substitution could mask depletion of vulnerable species; one‐third of identified species are threatened with extinction. The Bayesian model suggested that 8 species each comprised >1% of the fin trimmings (34.1–64.2% for blue [Prionace glauca], 0.2–1.2% for bull [Carcharhinus leucas] and shortfin mako [Isurus oxyrinchus]); thus, trade was skewed to a few globally distributed species. Several other coastal sharks, batoids, and chimaeras are in the trade but poorly managed. Fewer than 10 of the species we modeled have sustainably managed fisheries anywhere in their range, and the most common species in trade, the blue shark, was not among them. Our study and approach serve as a baseline to track changes in composition of species in the fin trade over time to better understand patterns of exploitation and assess the effects of emerging management actions for these animals. 相似文献
259.
The unsustainable trade in wildlife is a key threat to Earth's biodiversity. Efforts to mitigate this threat have traditionally focused on regulation and enforcement, and there is a growing interest in campaigns to reduce consumer demand for wildlife products. We aimed to characterize these behavior-change campaigns and the evidence of their impacts. We searched peer-reviewed and grey literature repositories and over 200 institutional websites to retrieve information on demand-reduction campaigns. We found 236 campaigns, mainly in the grey literature. Since the 1970s, the number of campaigns increased, although for over 15% a start date could not be found. Asia was the primary focus, although at the national level the United States was where most campaigns took place. Campaigns most often focused on a single species of mammal; other vertebrates groups, with the exception of sharks, received limited attention. Many campaigns focused on broad themes, such as the wildlife trade in general or seafood. Thirty-seven percent of campaigns reported some information on their inputs, 98% on strategies, 70% on outputs, 37% on outcomes (i.e., changes in the target audience), and 9% on impacts (i.e., biological changes or threat reduction). Information on outcomes and impacts was largely anecdotal or based on research designs that are at a high risk of bias, such as pre- and postcampaign comparisons. It was unclear whether demand-reduction campaigns had direct behavioral or biological impacts. The lack of robust impact evaluation made it difficult to draw insights to inform future efforts, a crucial part of effectively addressing complex issues, such as the wildlife trade. If demand-reduction campaigns are to become a cornerstone of the efforts to mitigate the unsustainable trade in wildlife, conservationists need to adopt more rigorous impact evaluation and a more collaborative approach that fosters the sharing of data and insights. 相似文献
260.
Brigitte Froneberg Ute Boldt 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):581-584
In order to ensure equality of occupational health care among employees of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and of larger companies, amendments in the regulations of the numerous German accident insurance funds had to be made to provide for full availability of services, as requested by German and European law. According to these amendments, sectors formerly exempted due to small size and due to lack of an adequate number of qualified personnel, had to be covered by occupational health care. In order to reach this target group new strategies of care delivery had to be developed, making use of pre-existing infrastructure and networks.In Germany, district trade association (Kreishandwerkerschaften) have proved to be very effective for introducing occupational safety and health care into SMEs by either hiring external multidisciplinary services or by establishing a common service to be used by all associated crafts establishments. In a study conducted by the Federal Office for Health and Safety at Work in 1996 (Boldt, Gille, &Grahl, 1997), 7 district trade association were looked at in detail for their strategies. The results were discussed and supplemented in a 2-day workshop. 相似文献