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Soil to plant transfer factor (TF) of60Co and 65Zn was determined fromradioisotope experiments on plants grown in pots underoutdoor ambient tropical conditions for three growingseasons (1995–1998). The TFs were obtained fordifferent plants/crops such as, rice, bean, peanutspineapple, cabbage, tomato, spinach and grass. Theaverage TF values of 60Co are found to be 0.087,0.15, 0.12, 0.67, 0.28, 0.79, 1.03 and 0.34respectively for the above mentioned plants/crops. Incase of 65Zn, the average TF values are found tobe 2.24, 1.17, 0.89, 1.09, 0.78, 1.34, 2.92 and 1.78,respectively, for the above mentioned plants/crops. Thedata will be useful to assess the radiation exposureto man associated with the releases of radionuclidesfrom nuclear facilities by means of radiologicalassessment models that require transfer factors asinput parameters to predict the contamination ofradionuclides in foodchain. 相似文献
3.
Wu Gang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1996,8(4):499-503
LawsofannualnutrientuptakeinaPaulowniaplantation¥WuGang(ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences,B... 相似文献
4.
S. O. Oikeh R. J. Carsky J. G. Kling V. O. Chude W. J. Horst 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2003,100(2-3):181
Nitrate is prone to leaching in the sandy soils of the West African moist savannas. Better management of nitrogen (N) resources and maize cultivars with enhanced genetic capacity to capture and utilize soil and fertilizer N are strategies that could improve N-use efficiency. In two field experiments conducted at Zaria, northern Nigeria, five maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars planted early in the season were assessed under various N levels for differences in N uptake, soil N dynamics, and related N losses. Cultivar TZB-SR accumulated more N in the aboveground plant parts in both years than the other cultivars. All, except the semi-prolific late (SPL) variety, met about 50–60% of their N demand by the time of silking (64–69 DAP). In both years, SPL had the greatest capacity to take up N during the grain filling period, and it had the highest grain-N concentration and the least apparent N loss through leaching in the second year. There were no significant differences in soil N dynamics among cultivars in both years. At harvest, the residual N in the upper 90 cm of the profile under all the cultivars ranged from 56 to 72 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 73 to 83 kg ha−1 in the second year. Apparent N loss from 0 to 90 cm soil profile through leaching ranged from 35 to 122 kg ha−1 in both years. N application significantly increased N uptake by more than 30% at all sampling dates in the second year of the experiment, but had no effect on apparent N loss. Results indicate that the use of maize cultivars with high N uptake capacity during the grain filling period when maximum leaching losses occur could enhance N recovery and may be effective in reducing leaching losses of mineral N in the moist savanna soils. 相似文献
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温州临江垃圾焚烧发电厂飞灰的性质研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了温州临江垃圾焚烧发电厂生活垃圾焚烧产生飞灰的物理和化学性质。飞灰为含水率低、颗粒尺寸集中在43~175μm之间的灰色粉末,主要由Si、Al、Ca、Mg、Fe、Na、K、C和S元素组成。飞灰中Pb、Cd的浸出浓度在酸性条件下都不同程度地高于我国危险废物鉴别标准的允许浓度,其中Pb的浸出浓度在pH值1.06~13.69条件下远远超标,碱性条件下浸出毒性比酸性条件下小。矿物组成主要为石英(SiO2)、赤铁矿αFe2O3、钙长石CaO.Al2O3.2SiO2、钙铝黄长石2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2、KCl、NaCl、CaCO、PbO、TiO2、ZnCO3等,溶解盐含量高达19.5%,化学反应活性较强,热稳定性较差。 相似文献
7.
Effects of several amendments on rice growth and uptake of copper and
cadmium from a contaminated soil 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Heavy metals in variable charge soil are highly bioavailable and easy to transfer into plants. Since it is impossible to completely
eliminate rice planting on contaminated soils, some remediation and mitigation techniques are necessary to reduce metal bioavailability
and uptake by rice. This pot experiment investigated the e ects of seven amendments on the growth of rice and uptake of heavy metals
from a paddy soil that was contaminated by copper and cadmium. The best results were from the application of limestone that increased
grain yield by 12.5–16.5 fold, and decreased Cu and Cd concentrations in grain by 23.0%–50.4%. Application of calcium magnesium
phosphate, calcium silicate, pig manure, and peat also increased the grain yield by 0.3–15.3 fold, and e ectively decreased the Cu and
Cd concentrations in grain. Cd concentration in grain was slightly reduced in the treatments of Chinese milk vetch and zinc sulfate.
Concentrations of Cu and Cd in grain and straw were dependent on the available Cu and Cd in the soils, and soil available Cu and Cd
were significantly a ected by the soil pH. 相似文献
8.
为研究不同湿地植物对污染水体中氮、磷的去除效果,采用改进耗竭法研究水竹、金花菜、空心菜、雪里红、芋头和韭菜等6种湿地经济植物对溶解性总磷(TSP)、硝态氮(NO3--N)及铵态氮(NH4+-N)的吸收动力学特征。目的是在对污染水体进行修复时,可以根据不同的污染程度选择相应的经济作物。结果表明:空心菜适应任何TSP、NO3--N及NH4+-N浓度的污水,水竹则适应TSP、NO3--N及NH4+-N浓度较低的污染水体;韭菜与金花菜对TSP、NH4+-N浓度较高的污染水体有较大吸收效率,而雪里红则适合浓度较低的水体;对于含NO3--N水体,韭菜与雪里红具有较大吸收速率,适宜高NO3--N水平的养分条件,金花菜具有较大亲和力,适宜于NO3--N浓度低的污染水体;芋头的最大吸收速率最小而亲和力最大,不适宜作为湿地植物修复污染水体。6种湿地植物都具有喜铵性,对NH4+-N有更好的吸收效果。 相似文献
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10.
持续淹水和干湿交替预培养对2种水稻土中Cd形态分配及高丹草Cd吸收的影响 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了前期持续淹水和干湿交替预培养对2种水稻土———太湖地区黄泥土、江西鹰潭红壤性水稻土中外源Cd形态分配及高丹草吸收Cd的影响.结果表明,在5mg·kg-1和10mg·kg-1外源Cd处理下,与干湿交替预培养比较,持续淹水预培养后黄泥土中MgCl2提取态Cd分别由21.8%、28.5%下降为8.0%、16.9%,而NH2OH.HCl提取态Cd由17.7%、17.3%升高为28.1%、37.5%;红壤性水稻土NaAc提取态Cd由20.8%、29.6%下降为11.6%、12.6%.回归分析表明,MgCl2提取态Cd与高丹草Cd吸收量呈显著负相关关系.长期淹水预培养显著降低高丹草对黄泥土Cd的吸收. 相似文献