基于爆破损伤的强制放顶爆破参数设计与应用

通过总结综采工作面坚硬顶板深孔爆破强制放顶成功案例,得出以爆破裂隙区半径为强制放顶爆破参数设计的不合理性,提出以爆破损伤范围为依据进行爆破参数计算。研究以国投新集二矿210108工作面为依托,通过爆破振动监测,回归得到综采面深孔爆破振动速度传播衰减规律,由此导出炮孔周围岩体内的质点振动峰值速度衰减规律。计算结果表明,炮孔直径75mm、装药直径63mm的深孔爆破可以在周围岩体中形成半径为7.631m重度损伤区,解释了炮孔间距大于10m仍能有着良好爆破效果的原因;设计最大孔底间距15.2m的爆破参数,并成功进行了现场应用,验证了计算方法的可靠性,为类似工程爆破参数设计提供了一个新方法。     

Thermal treatment for pathogen inactivation as a risk mitigation strategy for safe recycling of organic waste in agriculture

Thermal treatment at temperatures between 46.0°C and 55.0°C was evaluated as a method for sanitization of organic waste, a temperature interval less commonly investigated but important in connection with biological treatment processes. Samples of dairy cow feces inoculated with Salmonella Senftenberg W775, Enterococcus faecalis, bacteriophage ?X174, and porcine parvovirus (PPV) were thermally treated using block thermostats at set temperatures in order to determine time-temperature regimes to achieve sufficient bacterial and viral reduction, and to model the inactivation rate. Pasteurization at 70°C in saline solution was used as a comparison in terms of bacterial and viral reduction and was proven to be effective in rapidly reducing all organisms with the exception of PPV (decimal reduction time of 1.2 h). The results presented here can be used to construct time-temperature regimes in terms of bacterial inactivation, with D-values ranging from 0.37 h at 55°C to 22.5 h at 46.0°C and 0.45 h at 55.0°C to 14.5 h at 47.5°C for Salmonella Senftenberg W775 and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively and for relevant enteric viruses based on the ?X174 phage with decimal reduction times ranging from 1.5 h at 55°C to 16.5 h at 46°C. Hence, the study implies that considerably lower treatment temperatures than 70°C can be used to reach a sufficient inactivation of bacterial pathogens and potential process indicator organisms such as the ?X174 phage and raises the question whether PPV is a valuable process indicator organism considering its extreme thermotolerance.