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1.
采用声电类比的传递矩阵法,本文对消声器插入损失进行了理论探讨,所推导的理论公式准确地反映了整个内燃机排气系统对消声器插入损失的影响,克服了其它学者在研究此问题中的不足,考虑了声源声阻抗对传递损失的影响,对消声器的整体优化设计具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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通过利用双道原子荧光法,同时对地表水和地下水样品中砷、硒进行测定,具有操作更加简单、监测分析速度快、节省试剂等优点。 相似文献
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A compilation has been undertaken of data which can be used to derive animal product transfer coefficients for radionuclides, including an extensive review of Russian language information. The resultant database has been used to provide recommended transfer coefficient values for a range of radionuclides to (i) cow, sheep and goat milk, (ii) meat (muscle) of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry and (iii) eggs. The values are used in a new IAEA handbook on transfer parameters which replaces that referred to as ‘TRS 364’. The paper outlines the approaches and procedures used to identify and collate data, and assumptions used. There are notable differences between the TRS 364 ‘expected’ values and the recommended values in the revised Handbook from the new database. Of the recommended values, three milk values are at least an order of magnitude higher than the TRS 364 values (Cr, Pu (cow) Pu (sheep)) and one milk value is lower (Ni (cow)). For meat, four values (Am, Cd, Sb (beef) I (pork)) are at least an order of magnitude higher than the TRS 364 values and eight values are at least an order of magnitude lower (Ru, Pu (beef), Ru, Sr, Zn (sheep), Ru, Sr (pork), Mn (poultry)). Many data gaps remain. 相似文献
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Humans can consume a number of types of biota tissues, which have varying propensities to accumulate radionuclides. As a result, depending upon the biota species, the radionuclide and the tissue under consideration, it may be necessary to estimate the percent radionuclide load in specific edible tissues, and in cases where whole organisms are consumed, to estimate the radionuclide load in the whole body of an organism, based on data that have been collected for individual tissues. To accomplish this, data were compiled that can be used to estimate the partitioning patterns and percent loads of various groups of elements in edible tissues of freshwater fishes. General trends in partitioning, such as those provided in this paper, can be used to predict radionuclide transfer to humans and the corresponding potential radiological dose to humans via dietary pathways, in this case following the consumption of fish. 相似文献
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S. Fesenko N. Isamov B.J. Howard N.A. Beresford C.L. Barnett N. Sanzharova G. Voigt 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
Over 150 publications reporting studies conducted in the former USSR were reviewed to provide transfer coefficients (Ff) to the muscle of domestic animals from experiments using chronic administration, often for long timescales in large scale experiments. Only a few of these studies were made available in the English language literature or taken into account in international reviews. The values derived have been compared with expected values reported by the IAEA's Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in temperate environments (TRS 364) where possible. The information presented here has been used in the current updating of parameters recommended for environmental assessments by the IAEA. Many of the reported values are for Sr due to the Mayak accident and Cs due to the Chernobyl accident. Nevertheless, the reported data for a wide range of radionuclides, in particular for Ru, Sb, and Zn markedly improve the extent of available data. 相似文献
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S. Fesenko B.J. Howard N. Isamov N.A. Beresford C.L. Barnett N. Sanzharova G. Voigt 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009,100(10):815-822
Data on radionuclide transfer to domestic chickens and ducks obtained from research performed in the former Soviet Union were reviewed to provide transfer coefficient values (Ff) to poultry and edible egg contents. The majority of the data are from experiments with 90Sr and 137Cs, reflecting the importance of these radionuclides after global fallout and major radiation accidents. Data for 3H, 54Mn, 59Fe, 60Co, 22Na 65Zn, 131I and U are also given. The values derived have been compared with those in the current IAEA Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in temperate environments (TRS 364) and the recent revision which incorporates the values from this paper. The Russian-language data give improved estimates for many radionuclides and the revised handbook is now based on the better quality data given for chronic administration. 相似文献
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The effects of turbulence intensity (velocity gradient, G (s−1)), Henry's law constant (H), and molecular weight (M) on the volatilization rates of organic compounds are examined using changes in the mass transfer coefficients (KOL (cm/min)) under specific liquid-mixing intensities. The selected compounds were divided into three groups according to their H values (mole in gas/mole in liquid, dimensionless), which ranged from 102 to 10−5. The relationship of the KOL relative to G, H and M was obtained via multiple regression. The obtained values of these parameters indicate that the primary factor affecting the KOL values of the high H compounds is their M values. The effects of the H values on the KOL values of the high H compounds can be neglected. On the other hand, the H value is the major factor determining the KOL values of the low H compounds. The changes in the KOL values of the different H compounds exhibit different profiles as the liquid-mixing intensity increases. The M and H values of middle H compounds possibly affect their KOL values. The effects of the liquid-mixing intensity on the KOL values of the organic compounds increase with increasing H values. The variation in the KOL values might be a result of the concentration of the organic compounds at the interface between the liquid and gas films. The empirical relationship between KOL and some selected parameters, G, H and M, is examined in this study. The obtained results can help to estimate volatilization loss of organic solutes in wastewater treatment facilities. 相似文献