Second organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis of α-pinene in the presence of dry submicron ammonium sulfate aerosol

An indoor chamber facility is described for investigation of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Two sets of α-pinene ozonolysis experiments were conducted in the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed particle: ozone limited experiments and α-pinene limited experiments. The concentration of gas phase and particle phase species was monitored continuously by on-line instruments and recorded automatically by data sampling system. The evolution of size distribution was measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer ...     

酞菁锌改性介孔分子筛催化降解孔雀石绿

以介孔分子筛MCM-41为载体,采用浸渍法将1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八环戊氧基酞菁锌(α-CyOPcZn)负载到分子筛上得到了一种新型的催化剂CyOPcZn/MCM-41.并通过氮气吸附、红外光谱扫描及电镜扫描对催化剂的结构进行表征.考察了该催化剂的用量、H2O2浓度对孔雀石绿降解作用的影响.实验结果表明,在模拟可见光照射下,当催化剂用量0.6 g.L-1、H2O2浓度为0.1 mmol.L-1时,60 min后使0.1 mmol.L-1的孔雀石绿水溶液的脱色率达到98.6%,并呈现出一级反应的动力学特征,速率常数k为0.0891 min-1.催化剂重复使用3次后,脱色率可达96%以上.     

不对称还原α-氨基苯乙酮菌种的筛选及转化条件优化

芳香基手性胺醇是许多手性药物合成的重要手性砌块,生物催化不对称还原前手性酮是合成该类醇的重要方法之一.以α-氨基苯乙酮盐酸盐为模型底物从土壤中筛选获得两株能分别高立体选择性催化底物产生R型、S型相应醇的菌株,对映体过量值(e.e.)分别为99%和77%,编号为1403和4802,鉴定菌株所属为镰刀菌属和地霉属.对两株菌培养时期和转化条件的研究表明镰刀菌1403最适生长时间为24 h,最优菌体浓度20 g/L,最优底物浓度5 g/L;地霉4802最适生长时间24 h,最优菌体浓度80 g/L,最优底物浓度3 g/L.底物特异性研究表明,菌株1403和4802均可转化α-氯代苯乙酮、α-溴代苯乙酮、α-羟基苯乙酮和苯乙酮为相应醇,且以α-羟基苯乙酮为底物时,其产物均为S型,e.e.值达99%.     

航运公司安全管理能力聚权分级模型

为了更好对航运公司安全管理工作摸底排查,采取针对性措施监管航运公司安全营运,需要对安全管理能力进行分类分级评价。基于表征航运公司安全管理能力的分级指标体系,建立安全管理能力分级评价模型。基于熵权和变异系数法的赋权方法,利用α系数检验两种客观赋权法的信度,提出聚合权重并建立安全管理能力的物元分级模型。利用多家航运公司数据确定分级指标的权重,对典型公司分级和评分。结果表明,提出的模型能合理反映各公司的安全管理能力,并有利于主管机关进行分类管理,采取针对性措施提高监管效率改善公司安全管理能力。     

Spatiotemporal dynamics in variable population interactions with density-dependent interaction coefficients

In this article, I present a two-patch metapopulation model with locally explicit dynamics to study the effect of spatial heterogeneity and dispersal upon population interactions with variable or conditional outcomes. These are interactions that may be either detrimental or beneficial for each species depending on the balance of the density-dependent costs and benefits involved. The local dynamics respond to density-dependent α-interaction functions that may change sign, thus yielding a diversity of possible local outcomes for the association in terms of type of interaction and in the number of stable solutions. The spatiotemporal model predicts that the fragmentation of space and dispersal between patches may cause further variation in these outcomes. First, the demographic performance of a species in the association is enhanced if migrations cause a proportional increase of individuals of its own species; being so, a victim may become a mutualist or an exploiter, an excluded species may invade, and a good competitor may overcome its own carrying capacity: the ‘enhancement effect of dispersal’; a sort of rescue effect in source-sink dynamics. The underlying mechanisms involve an interplay between density-dependent effects of dispersal per se and the relative local and global average α-interaction functions, which involve costs and benefits at both the local and regional level that may either counteract or reinforce each other; thus, localities and/or populations may change dynamically their sink or source role in the spatial dynamics. A significant insight arises herewith: in the context of variable or conditional interactions the concept of the role of a species does not make strict sense; it becomes a spatiotemporal dynamic quality. Second, regardless of which species disperses, bifurcation of equilibria may occur in those patches that receive the migrating individuals, and annihilation of equilibria in those from where migration leaves; thus, the number of equilibria increases or decreases accordingly.     

聚乙烯副产物聚乙烯蜡的热解及轻质馏分的GC-MS分析

采用高温模拟蒸馏、红外光谱和热重分析等方法对聚乙烯副产物聚乙烯蜡进行了表征。在间歇高压反应釜中对聚乙烯副产物聚乙烯蜡进行了热解,并通过正交实验考察了热解温度、停留时间和初始压力对液相产物收率的影响。利用GC-MS技术对液相产物轻质馏分(低于200℃)进行了分析。结果表明:聚乙烯副产物聚乙烯蜡主要由长链脂肪烃(C_(14)~C_(70))组成;热解发生的温度范围为175~490℃;热解温度和停留时间是影响液相产物收率的主要因素;液相产物轻质馏分的碳数分布在C_9~C_(20),主要为α-烯烃(占比32.79%)和正构烷烃,其中单体烃含量最高的是1-癸烯(占比8.46%),它是制备高级合成润滑油聚α-烯烃的优质原料。     

Biogenic volatile organic compounds as a potential stimulator for organic contaminant degradation by soil microorganisms

The effects of monoterpenes on the degradation of ¹⁴C-2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) were investigated in soils collected from areas surrounding monoterpene and non-monoterpene-emitting vegetation. Indigenous microorganisms degraded ¹⁴C-2,4-DCP to ¹⁴CO₂, after 1 d contact time. Degradation was enhanced by prior exposure of the soils to 2,4-DCP for 32 d, increasing extents of mineralisation up to 60%. Monoterpene amendments further enhanced 2,4-DCP degradation, but only following pre-exposure to both 2,4-DCP and monoterpene, with total 2,4-DCP mineralisation extents of up to 71%. Degradation was greatest at the higher monoterpene concentrations (≥1 μg kg⁻¹). Total mineralisation extents were similar between concentrations, but higher than the control and the 0.1 μg kg⁻¹ amendment, indicating that increases in monoterpene concentration has a diminishing enhancing effect. We suggest that monoterpenes can stimulate the biodegradation of 2,4-DCP by indigenous soil microorganisms and that monoterpene amendment in soils is an effective strategy for removing organic contaminants.     

Modeling redistribution of α-HCH in Chinese soil induced by environment factors

This study explores long-term environmental fate of α-HCH in China from 1952 to 2007 using ChnGPERM (Chinese Gridded Pesticide Emission and Residue Model). The model captures well the temporal and spatial variations of α-HCH concentration in Chinese soils by comparing with a number of measured data across China in different periods. The results demonstrate α-HCH grasshopping effect in Eastern China and reveal several important features of the chemical in Northeast and Southeast China. It is found that Northeast China is a prominent sink region of α-HCH emitted from Chinese sources and α-HCH contamination in Southwest China is largely attributed to foreign sources. Southeast China is shown to be a major source contributing to α-HCH contamination in Northeast China, incurred by several environmental factors including temperature, soil organic carbon content, wind field and precipitation.     

Sorption of 17α-ethinyl estradiol, bisphenol A and phenanthrene to different size fractions of soil and sediment

The potential for negative effects caused by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) release into the environment is a prominent concern and numerous research projects have investigated possible environmental fate and toxicity. However, their sorption behavior by size fractions of soil and sediment has not been systematically represented. The sorption of bisphenol A (BPA), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and phenanthrene (Phen) by different size fractions of soil and sediment were investigated. Sorption isotherms of EE2, BPA, and Phen by size fractions of soil (SL) and sediment (ST) were well fitted to the Freundlich model. The positive correlation between EE2, BPA and Phen sorption capacity (log K_d) of size fractions and their organic carbon (OC) content suggests that OC of size fractions in SL and ST should regulate sorption, while the surface area (SA) of size fractions may not account for sorption of EE2, BPA and Phen. Each size fraction of ST had higher sorption capacity (K_d or K_OC) of EE2 and BPA than that of SL due to their difference in the polarity of organic matter (OM) between terrestrial and aquatic sources. Sorption capacity logK_d for size fractions of SL and ST did not follow the order: clay > silt > sand due to the difference in OM abundance and composition between the size fractions. Large particle fractions of ST contributed about 80% to the overall sorption for any EE2, BPA, and Phen. This study was significant to evaluate size fractions of soil and sediment as well as their associated OM affecting EE2 and BPA sorption processes.     

纳米TiO 2 -碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极伏安法测定水中α -萘酚和β -萘酚

摘要：制备了一种新型的纳米TiO2-碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极,在pH值为5.57的NaAc-HAc缓冲溶液中,研究了α-萘酚和β-萘酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,据此建立了纳米TiO2-碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极伏安法测定水中α-萘酚和β-萘酚的方法。优化了试验条件,α-萘酚和β-萘酚分别在8.3×10^-7mol／L—1.0×10^-5mol／L和7.8×10^-7mol／L—1.0×10^-5mol／L范围内,浓度与氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,开路富集3min,检出限分别为3.5××10^-7mol／L和2.3×10^-7mol／L,模拟水样测定的回收率为97.6％—101％。