FISH技术定量解析亚硝酸盐氧化菌的条件优化

利用基于亚硝酸盐氧化菌(nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,NOB)16S rRNA序列的荧光探针,优化了针对亚硝酸盐氧化菌的FISH技术实验条件.确定了FISH技术定量检测亚硝酸盐氧化菌的具体方法,并优化了样品预处理的实验条件为热固定2h,4%多聚甲醛固定15min,乙醇脱水5min;杂交过程的实验条件为杂交温度46℃,杂交时间3h,洗脱液中NaCl浓度为60mmol·L-1.运用建立的FISH技术检测了7d内亚硝酸盐氧化菌菌群的丰度变化,充分显示了荧光原位杂交技术(Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization,FISH)的快速定性定量检测优势.     

Heterotrophic ammonium removal characteristics of an aerobic heterotrophic nitrifying-denitrifying bacterium, Providencia rettgeri YL

Bacterium Providencia rettgeri YL was found to exhibit an unusual ability to heterotrophically nitrify and aerobically denitrify various concentrations of ammonium (NH₄⁺-N). In order to further understand its removal ability, several experiments were conducted to identify the growth and ammonium removal response at different carbon to nitrogen (C/N) mass ratios, shaking speeds, temperatures, ammonium concentrations and to qualitatively verify the production of nitrogen gas using gas chromatography techniques. Results showed that under optimum conditions (C/N 10, 30°C, 120 r/min), YL can significantly remove low and high concentrations of ammonium within 12 to 48 h of growth, respectively. The nitrification products hydroxylamine (NH₂OH), nitrite (NO₂⁻) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) as well as the denitrification product, nitrogen gas (N₂), were detected under completely aerobic conditions.     

溶解氧对亚硝酸型硝化反硝化的影响研究

在序批式生物膜反应器内接种以氨氧化细菌和反硝化细菌为主的活性污泥,期望实现亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮,处理城市污水。在进水TN为30～40 mg/l、氨氮为30～35 mg/l、COD为250 mg/l左右、pH值为7.50～7.80、温度为25±1℃等条件下,研究不同溶解氧对总氮去除率和亚硝酸盐氮积累率的影响,结果表明,在溶解氧浓度为1.5～2.5 mg/l时,可以实现稳定的亚硝酸型硝化反硝化,总氮去除率为75%左右,亚硝酸盐氮积累率为65%～82%。     

亚硝酸盐对强化生物除磷系统的影响

为了全面了解亚硝酸盐在生物除磷系统中的作用,采用SBR反应器,研究了亚硝酸盐对聚磷菌厌氧释磷、好氧吸磷的影响及短程反硝化除磷过程中各物质质量浓度之间的关系。结果表明,厌氧段释磷量随厌氧段投加NO-2-N质量浓度提高而增加,在厌氧段的后期出现了以NO-2为电子受体的吸磷现象。在好氧段投加亚硝酸盐,当NO-2-N质量浓度从5 mg/L升高到10 mg/L时,好氧吸磷速率随NO-2-N质量浓度提高而迅速降低,但当NO-2-N质量浓度超过10 mg/L后,好氧吸磷速率随NO-2-N质量浓度提高降低速度减缓。系统缺氧除磷量与NO-2-N消耗量、缺氧除磷量与PHB(聚-β-羟基丁酸)消耗量均呈线性关系。     

Model-based evaluation on the conversion ratio of ammonium to nitrite in a nitritation process for ammonium-rich wastewater treatment

Modeling for nitritation process was discussed and analyzed quantitatively for the factors that influence nitrite accumulation. The results indicated that pH, inorganic carbon source and Hydraulic Retention Time(HRT) as well as biomass concentration are the main factors that influenced the conversion ratio of ammonium to nitrite. A constant high pH can lead to a high nitritation rate and results in high conversion ratio on condition that free ammonia inhibition do not happen. In a CSTR system, without pH control, this conversion ratio can be monitored by pH variation in the reactor. The pH goes down far from the inlet level means a strongly nitrite accumulation. High concentration of alkalinity can promoted the conversion ratio by means of accelerating the nitritation rate through providing sufficient inorganic carbon source(carbon dioxide). When inorganic carbon source was depleted, the nitritation process stopped. HRT adjustment could be an efficient way to make the nitritation system run more flexible, which to some extent can meet the requirements of the fluctuant of inlet parameters such as ammonium concentration, pH, and temperature and so on. Biomass concentration is the key point, especially for a CSTR system in steady state, which was normally circumscribed by the characteristics of bacteria and may also affected by aeration mode and can be increased by prolonging the HRT on the condition of no nitrate accumulation when no recirculation available. The higher the biomass concentration is, the better the nitrite accumulation can be obtained. accumulation     

饮用水中亚硝酸盐产生的研究

经监测发现,在自来水管中滞留过的水,不同程度地存在亚硝酸盐。本文对自来水中亚硝酸盐产生的原因、程度、变化规律做了初步探索和研究。      

pH值、温度对反硝化的影响

在悬浮污泥系统中,当以挥发性脂肪酸为碳源时,适宜的ｐＨ值是７．５。当ｐＨ偏离这一适宜值时,反硝化速率逐渐降低,亚硝酸盐出现累积。经驯化后,氮去除率会有所改善。随着温度的上升,反硝化速率会平行地提高,温度常数Ｋ_ｔ值是０．０３（１０～３０℃）。本文还讨论了亚硝酸盐积累的原因和避免的方法。     

对氨基苯磺酸-N,N-二甲基苯胺光度法测定痕量亚硝酸盐的研究

亚硝酸盐有毒性,是致癌物质,所以在水质监测中它常列为重点分析项目之一。亚硝酸盐的测定方法,在国内外应用最广的是重氮偶联比色法。这些方法虽有较好的选择性,但其试剂溶液一般毒性大,稳定性差,且方法灵敏度不高。在研究苯胺类的偶氮化反应中,发现亚硝酸盐在较强酸性     

生物活性炭纤维对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮的去除及其优势降解菌的鉴定

采用生物活性炭纤维(BACF)水处理装置处理微污染原水中氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮,最佳去除率达到90.0%以上,使微污染原水中氨氮质量浓度由《地表水质环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中的Ⅲ类提高到Ⅰ类.通过多点采样,多次反复筛选,从自制的BACF水处理装置中筛选出对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮具有较强去除效能的优势菌种.通过对菌株的个体形态特征、菌落形态特征进行观察,采用微生物鉴定仪进行鉴定,最终确定2种优势菌为恶臭假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌属.推断出生物活性炭纤维水处理装置微生物降解氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的可能过程.      

紫外光度法测定水中亚硝酸盐氮

试验了中性红指示剂在酸盐介质中与亚硝酸根的亚硝化反应,其亚硝化产物在近紫外区有一灵敏吸收峰,最大吸收波长为３５０ｎｍ。ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ浓度在０ｍｇ／Ｌ－０．４５ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内遵守比尔定律,应用于环境水样中ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ的测定,结果与经典的盐酸萘乙二胺比色法基本一致。据此建立了一个简单,快速,选择性好的测定亚硝酸盐氮的紫外光度法。