Characteristics and distribution of low molecular weight organic acids in the sediment porewaters in Bosten Lake, China

The composition and vertical profiles of low molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) and the contribution of them to dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediment porewaters in Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China were investigated. The results showed that total concentration of LMWOAs was up to 94.5 μmol/L and their proportion in DOM was 5.6%, suggesting that LMWOAs were important chemical components in DOM in lake sediment porewaters. Among the seven LMWOAs, pyruvic and acetic acid had the highest concentrations with 26.30 and 8.31 μmol/L, accounting for 51.4% and 14.92% of LMWOAs, respectively. Trifluoroacetic and sorbic acid had the lowest concentrations, indicating that the compositions of LMWOAs in relative reducing environments were largely different from those reported in glacier, atmosphere and soils. The concentrations of lactic, acetic, formic, sorbic and oxalic acid decreased with increasing depth, probably relating to stronger microbial activities in the initial stage of early diagenesis. Trifluoroacetic acid was mainly anthropogenic with its concentration, showing a diusive trend from the surface to bottom sediments. The concentrations of lactic acid and nitrate generally showed a consistent profile. The increasing concentration of pyruvic acid in the vertical profile was just opposite to that of sulfate, revealing a significant negative relationship between them. Oxalic acid remained constant except for an obvious peak at 6 cm depth. The results indicated the diversities in sources and behaviors for various LMWOAs during early diagenesis in sediments.     

加快低碳经济发展的战略思考与政策选择

低碳经济已经成为金融危机背景下世界各国普遍认可的下一轮经济增长的核心动力,也成为一个国家和地区提高国际竞争力摆脱经济危机影响的重要手段。我国是一个发展中大国,发展低碳经济的任务十分繁重,必须依据国情实际,大力转变经济发展方式,从传统的高碳经济向低能耗、低排放、低污染的模式转型,以此构建低碳国家。     

节能环保的低氧低氮海绵钛生产工艺

通过对海绵钛镁还原蒸馏联合法生产工艺进行改造,不仅提高了产品品质和单产能力,而且缩短了生产周期,减少了单产能耗和对环境的污染。     

爆炸磁频率发生器在阻性负载上的电特性分析

为了研究爆炸磁频率发生器在阻性负载情况下的能量累积和电流变化情况,从电路模型入手对直接向阻性负载馈电和通过脉冲变压器耦合馈电两种情况进行了分析研究。研究结果表明,在直接馈电的情况下既无法得到电流放大也无法得到有效的能量累积,而通过脉冲变压器耦合馈电可以得到有效的能量累积。     

低溶解氧污泥微膨胀节能理论与方法的发现、提出及理论基础

预防和控制污泥膨胀一直是国内外研究的热点和难点,但目前尚未出现利用丝状菌特性、针对利用丝状菌污泥膨胀的节能理论与方法的研究.实际的污水处理厂运行结果表明,供氧不足引起了污泥膨胀,但并没有导致污泥流失,相反出水水质有所改善,出水COD、SS和TP的去除率得到了提高,基于此提出了低溶解氧污泥微膨胀节能理论与方法.在阐述低溶解氧污泥微膨胀节能方法的发现和提出的基础上,对低溶解氧引发丝状菌适度生长、丝状菌和微膨胀在提高出水水质的重要作用,及利用低溶解氧微膨胀来节能的机制进行了理论分析.并对低溶解氧污泥微膨胀节能理论和方法的应用和研究方向进行了展望.     

某污水处理厂活性污泥沉降脱水性能的研究

以污泥沉降特性的参数及各参数之间的规律为研究目标,结果表明当活性污泥的SVI和MLSS分别在110-150,1500-2000mg/L时,污泥沉降速度在2-6min内有很明显的峰值,污泥界面高度变化明显.且在维持污泥沉降性能的前提下,随着污泥SVI(污泥指数)的增大,污泥的MLSS(污泥浓度)值呈递减趋势.具有相同污泥...     

沸石吸附处理低放射性废水试验研究

采用人工模拟放射性废水,进行吸附动态实验,得出沸石吸附的影响因素和最佳控制条件.     

辽河源头区坡耕地面源污染阻控技术研究

辽河源头区多为低山丘陵区域．由于人类对土地资源的不合理开发利用,致使森林覆盖率降低,坡耕地面积增多。为提高单位面积的农作物产量,主要措施之一就是增加化肥投入量．随着农田生态系统化肥投入量的增加,不被作物吸收的营养物质通过淋溶渗透地表径流等进入水环境中。坡耕地面源污染阻控研究是基于其产生的原因及迁移过程,采取农业耕作措施、水土保持工程措施和生物措施等相结合方式,构建坡耕地面源污染控制技术体系。     

低废火电生产技术制备粉煤灰空心微珠研究

火电企业的废弃物——粉煤灰,可以制备极具利用价值、理化特性优异的粉煤灰空心微珠及其系列中间产物,由此可实现多种高附加值的利用.本文通过调整并优化火电生产工序,实现了多产业生产技术的组合,综合利用资源,将一次能源转换为电能的同时生产粉煤灰空心微珠及其系列中间产品,拓宽了火电产业链,实现了低废生产,同时增加了经济效益.     

几种低分子量有机酸和氨基酸对黄棕壤吸附菲的影响

采用批量平衡试验方法,研究了根系分泌物中几种常见的低分子量有机酸(LMWOA)和氨基酸对黄棕壤吸附菲的影响.结果表明,在供试有机酸和氨基酸的影响下黄棕壤对菲的等温吸附曲线仍呈显著的线性关系,分配作用是黄棕壤吸附菲的主导机制,供试LMWOA和氨基酸对黄棕壤吸附菲有抑制作用,且加入量越大,抑制作用越强.与氨基酸相比,LMW...