吸附存储-间歇放电法氧化甲苯的反应过程研究

以SBA-15为催化剂,对比连续降解法和吸附存储-间歇放电法净化低浓度甲苯的活性,结果表明吸附存储-间歇放电法下甲苯去除率、碳平衡和CO2选择性更高.运用GC-MS分析了2种降解方式催化剂表面中间产物随时间的变化,苯甲醛进一步氧化分解进而打开苯环,是等离子体催化降解甲苯的控制步骤.对比SBA-15、Mn/SBA-15、Ag/SBA-15、AgMn/SBA-15 4种催化剂在吸附存储-间歇放电法下降解甲苯的活性.结果显示Ag和Mn的引入加速了对2-庚烯醇的氧化催化,AgMn/SBA-15表现出最好的碳平衡、CO2选择性.     

催化湿式过氧化氢法处理三氯吡啶酚模拟废水

研究催化湿氧化法处理三氯吡啶酚模拟废水的过程,考察了温度、氧化剂用量及催化剂对反应过程及污染物降解的影响。结果表明:WPO和CWPO均能降解三氯吡啶酚模拟废水。当催化剂为6 g/L,进水质量浓度为5 000 mg/L,过氧化氢用量为15.26 mL/L,反应温度为160℃,反应120 min后,STCP去除率可达98.1%。经CWPO法预处理后的废水进行生物处理,其可生化性明显提高。     

污水处理厂污泥热干化技术应用及工程设计要点

深度去除污泥中的水分是污泥无害化、减量化和资源化处理处置的关键。污泥热干化脱水是污泥深度脱水的一种有效方式。分析了污泥中水分分布特点等影响脱水的因素,介绍了国内外热干化方式和设备特点,最后归纳总结了热干化工程设计时如何进行热源、热介质选择、减少热损失、工程安全控制以及消除二次污染等重要事项。     

基于好氧堆肥的餐厨垃圾肥料化利用污染分析及控制策略

基于高温好氧堆肥工艺,从收运、前处理、堆肥、后处理和产品施用等环节全面分析餐厨垃圾肥料化利用过程中产生的臭气、废水、盐分、油脂等污染,分析潜在的污染源强,提出控制方法并给出了控制效果。该研究结论是目前国家《餐厨和厨余垃圾肥料化利用污染控制技术规范》研编过程中的阶段性成果。     

改性CeCuK/Y对乙酸催化燃烧和乙酸、氯化氢同时氧化的性能研究

在氯化氢氧化CeCuK/Y分子筛催化剂研制基础上,针对氯乙酸生产中含乙酸的氯化氢尾气,制备出用钇改性的CeCuK/Y分子筛催化剂,采用常压固定床反应器考察了该催化剂对乙酸催化燃烧的性能。研究结果表明:当催化剂装填量为3 g,空气为氧化剂,乙酸体积分数为0.4%,反应气总空速在15000 h-1以内,反应温度为240℃时,乙酸去除率可达95%以上。经过200 h的稳定运行,乙酸的去除率始终保持在90%以上。同时,对该催化剂用于含乙酸的氯化氢氧化制氯反应的催化性能进行了研究,当催化剂用量为8 g,氧气为氧化剂,氯化氢、氧气流量均为130 mL/min,氯化氢气体中乙酸的体积分数为1%,在反应温度为430℃时,HCl的转化率可以达到75%。     

城市污泥生物快速干化技术研究

研发了城市污水厂污泥好氧堆肥过程中的快速升温与生物快速干化技术。当蘑菇渣、磷矿粉、鸡粪、高温菌种与城市污泥以合适比例调配时,试验堆体温度第1天可达到66℃,第2天达到73℃,第5天可达到79℃。试验堆体含水率第5天降到51.4%,第7天降到47%,第11天降到40%以下,第22天降到30%以下。生成的有机肥营养成分指标及重金属含量均符合相关标准,有机肥已在园林绿化中进行了应用。     

FBC-DPF在柴油机颗粒物控制中的应用研究

目前针对加装FBC-DPF(燃油添加剂-柴油机颗粒捕集器)后的柴油机放特性研究较少,并且缺乏FBC-DPF对颗粒物中PAHs排放量的影响效果研究. 为全面评估加装FBC-DPF后柴油机颗粒物排放特性和FBC-DPF对柴油机尾气中的颗粒物排放污染控制效果,在发动机台架上对装有FBC-DPF的重型柴油机进行了颗粒物排放特性试验. 利用电子低压撞击仪(ELPI)测量加装FBC-DPF前、后柴油机颗粒物的数浓度与粒径分布,用玻璃纤维滤膜采集加装FBC-DPF前、后尾气中的固相PAHs,利用色谱质谱联用仪对加装FBC-DPF前、后尾气中的固相PAHs进行定量分析. 结果表明:①加装FBC-DPF后柴油机排放的颗粒物数浓度大幅降低,FBC-DPF对尾气中颗粒物的捕集效率平均值在95%左右;②加装FBC-DPF后柴油机固相PAHs总比排放量有所降低,在大负荷区域降幅在25.0%~88.0%之间;③加装FBC-DPF前的颗粒物中位直径为30~89nm,而加装FBC-DPF后的颗粒物中位直径为41~98nm,平均增幅为38.2%. 对于国Ⅳ及未来国Ⅴ柴油机排放法规,FBC-DPF是解决柴油机颗粒物排放的有效手段;此外,FBC-DPF可以大幅降低柴油机尾气中的有毒成分,并且能够适应高含硫量的燃油环境.      

改性碳纳米管负载Pd基催化剂对二氯乙酸的催化加氢脱氯

以壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)为单体,采用表面沉积交联法对多壁碳纳米管(CNT)改性得到壳聚糖修饰的碳纳米管(CS-CNT).分别以CS-CNT和CNT为载体,用硼氢化钠还原法制备Pd/CNT和Pd/CS-CNT负载型催化剂.采用元素分析仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)、透射电镜(TEM)、比表面积与孔径分布测定仪(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对材料进行表征,并对二氯乙酸的液相催化加氢脱氯反应进行了研究.结果表明,与Pd/CNT相比,Pd/CS-CNT对二氯乙酸有更高的催化活性.此外,该催化加氢脱氯反应受溶液pH及催化剂表面Pd颗粒的影响.二氯乙酸的催化加氢脱氯反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型,表明该反应过程由二氯乙酸在催化剂表面的吸附所控制.     

Removal of 17β-estradiol in laccase catalyzed treatment processes

The removal of 17β-estradiol （E2） in laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling processes was systematically studied in this work. We focused on the influence of pH and natural organic matter （NOM） on the performance of the enzymatic treatment processes. It was found that the optimal pH for E2 removal was between 4 and 6. The removal of E2 was slightly inhibited in the presence of NOM. Enzymatic transformation of E2 was second-order in kinetics with first-order to both the concentrations of the enzyme and contaminant. Mass spectrum （MS） analysis suggested that coupling products were formed through radical-radical coupling mechanism. The results of this study demonstrated that laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling process could potentially serve as a treatment strategy to control steroid estrogens.     

Investigation on sampling artifacts of particle associated PAHs using ozone denuder systems

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are complex organic compounds which are identified as significant carcinogenic to human health. PAHs （mainly in particle phase） are susceptible to atmospheric oxidant gases, especially ozone, nitrogen oxides （NOx）, hydroxyl radical （OH）, and could be degraded on filters during sampling process, leading to an underestimation of ambient PAH concentrations. The goal of this work was to investigate particle associated PAHs sampling artifacts caused by ozone in summer of Beijing. Comparative sampling systems were operated simultaneously during the whole campaign, one with activated carbon ozone denuder, the other being set as conventional sampling system. Activated carbon denuder was testified to be highly efficient to eliminate ozone from air stream. In general, nine particle-bound PAHs observed from conventional sampler were all lower than those from ozone denuder system. The total PAHs （particle phase） concentration was averagely underestimated by 35.9% in conventional sampling procedure. Benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） had the highest percentage of mass loss. founded to have influences Ambient temperature was on PAHs sampling artifacts. High temperature can increase loss of particle associated PAHs during sampling.