固体法去除废水中的污染物

Chemical Engineering,2013,120(8):12澳大利亚CSIRO公司开发了一项采用水滑石一步法同时去除采矿及工业废水中污染物的技术。目前的废水处理工艺通常产生石灰基泥浆,且含大量水分,需要进一步处理。相反,水滑石可在溶液中迅速沉淀并通过离心而容易地去除,留下非常清洁的溶液。水滑石(化学式Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16·4(H2O))由富含Al和Mg的层状物组成,层与层之间被含硫酸根等负离子的内层所分开。当Al和Mg以特     

您的烹调方法健康吗?

现已证明,高温烹调过程中形成的厨房油烟已成为我国室内生活环境中主要的空气污染物之一,严重危害健康.比如,当食用油加热到170℃时,出现少量烟雾时,就应放入食材烹制.     

金属的靶器官毒性

一、神经系统损害的临床表现 短期内大量接触某些金属或金属化合物,以中枢神经系统和周围神经系统为主要靶器官的化合物即称为神经毒物。     

常吃苹果可防肺癌

芬兰的研究工作者发表的一项研究报告说明，常吃苹果可以降低患肺癌的危险性。预防癌症的主要“大兵团”并不是水果、蔬菜中含量很多的维生素C和β-胡萝卜素，而是苹果和蔬菜及其它水果中含有的黄酮类化合物。     

Sediment distribution pattern mapped from the combination of objective analysis and geostatistics in the large shallow Taihu Lake, China

Investigation was made into sediment depth at 723 irregularly scattered measurement points which cover all the regions in Talhu Lake, China. The combination of successive correction scheme and geostatistical method was used to get all the values of recent sediment thickness at the 69 x 69 grids in the whole lake. The results showed that there is the significant difference in sediment depth between the eastern area and the western region, and most of the sediments are located in the western shore-line and northern regimes but just a little in the center and eastem parts. The notable exception is the patch between the center and Xishan Island where the maximum sediment depth is more than 4.0 m. This sediment distribution pattem is more than likely related to the current circulation pattern induced by the prevailing wind-forcing in Taihu Lake. The numerical simulation of hydrodynamics can strong support the conclusion.Sediment effects on water quality was also studied and the results showed that the concentrations of TP, TN and SS in the western part are obviously larger than those in the eastem regime, which suggested that more nutrients can be released from thicker sediment areas.     

金华市萤石矿区土壤氟污染评价

对金华市萤石矿区村庄表层土进行了全氟(TF)、水溶态氟(WF)含量的测定.利用单因子指数法、地质累积指数法和健康风险评估法进行了四个矿区和一个非矿区的土壤质量评价.结果表明,供试土壤TF含量范围28.36~56 052.39mg·kg-1,算术平均值8 325.90 mg·kg-1,几何均数为1 555.94 mg·kg-1,中位数为812.98 mg·kg-1,变异系数为172.07%.供试土壤WF含量变化范围在0.83~74.63 mg·kg-1,算术均值为16.94 mg·kg-1,几何均数为10.59 mg·kg-1,中位值为10.17mg·kg-1,变异系数为100.10%.TF和WF含量远远高于全国地氟病发生区平均水平.供试土壤氟污染受人为因素影响显著.杨家、冷水坑、花街矿区土壤氟污染最为严重,大仁矿区次之,非矿区基本没有受到氟污染.经口摄入土壤是最主要的暴露途径,参数敏感性分析表明儿童体重对危害商的影响最大,3种评价方法呈极显著正相关.     

深圳近岸海域全氟化合物的污染特征

为探究深圳近岸海域全氟化合物(perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)的污染特征,2013年9月采集了深圳近岸(离岸﹥2km)10份表层海水和7份表层沉积物.采用固相萃取分离、富集,结合高效液相色谱-质谱联用的方法测定了其中16种PFCs的含量.结果表明,表层海水中有10种PFCs不同程度地检出,包括C4、C6和C8全氟磺酸盐(perfluorinated sulfonates,PFSAs)和C5~C11全氟羧酸(perfluorinated carboxylic acids,PFCAs).ΣPFCs质量浓度范围在1.74~14.7 ng·L-1之间,其中PFBS、PFOS和PFOA是主要的PFCs.ΣPFCs质量浓度分布呈西高东低的态势,伶仃洋和深圳湾ΣPFCs质量浓度显著高于大亚湾和大鹏湾(P0.05),距岸越远ΣPFCs质量浓度越低.表层海水中PFCs可能主要来自于近岸污水的排放以及河流入海的输入.表层沉积物中有8种PFCs不同程度地检出,包括C6和C8PFSAs和C5,C6,C8~C11PFCAs.ΣPFCs含量范围在2.22~2.62μg·kg-1之间,其中PFOS是主要的PFCs.ΣPFCs含量变化很小,可能主要来自对上覆海水中PFCs的吸附.沉积物吸附PFCs的能力随碳链长度增加而增强,且相同碳链长度的情况下,PFSAs较PFCAs更易于被吸附.此外,不同近岸海域PFCs质量浓度比较结果表明,深圳近岸海域表层海水PFBS污染较为严重,而沉积物PFOS含量与其他海域相差不大.     

泳池水质与人体健康

游泳是一项健康的体育活动,但同时也增加了与病原微生物和消毒药/副产品暴露接触的风险.鉴于康乐体育游泳运动的普及,值得洋意的是,我们对游泳池化合物、人体暴露和潜在的健康风险的理解仅处于初级阶段而已.归绺其原因部分是由于游泳池水化学的复杂性,当水从源头流向泳客的时候增加了它在水中的转化     

Occurrence, polarity and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in the Huangpu River, China

Dissolved organic matter （DOM） plays an important role in biogeochemical cycles in aquatic ecosystem. To investigate the characteristics of DOM in Huangpu River {the last tributary of the Yangtze River）, surface water samples were collected along the river from December 2011 to June, 2013. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, the absorbance and fluorescence spectrum of DOM in water samples were measured. Fluorescent DOM in the Huangpu River was decomposed into four components by the parallel factor analysis （PARAFAC）, including one humic-like substance and three protein-like substances. It showed that high spatial variability of DOC concentration was observed in the upstream water compared to the downstream water, and so did the absorbance coefficients of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and the total fluorescence intensities of different PARAFAC components of DOM. Furthermore, there was a large difference between the polarity and bioavailability of DOM in the Huangpu River. Polar compounds dominated tyrosine-like component of fluorescent DOM in all seasons. Tryptophan-like and humic-like substances had more polar fraction in summer and autumn than those in winter, while aromatic protein-like materials had the highest polar fraction in winter. Almost all of fluorescent DOM components were refractory in spring, while less than 20% of fluorescent DOM in average were biodegradable within 4 weeks in other seasons. We concluded that the spatial variation in the abundance of DOM in the Huangpu River is mainly affected by the water discharges from the Hangjiahu Plain and the seasonal difference in polarity and bioavailability of DOM is largely determined by its origins.     

全氟二甲基环丁烷示踪剂吸附采样

借助气相色谱基本原理,测定了全氟二甲基环丁烷大气示踪剂通过Carboxen-569碳分子筛吸附管的分配系数,考察了温度和采样速度对穿透体积和安全采样体积的影响,确定了示踪剂吸附采样的基本参数吸附剂用量为150mg,吸附采样温度≤40℃,采样速度为200mL/min,样品解吸温度为200℃.