龙游县PM2.5化学组分特征及来源解析

为明确浙江省龙游县环境中PM2.5的化学组分特征及来源,于2018年在龙游县3个代表性点位采集4个季节的环境PM2.5样品,分析了PM2.5中的无机元素、水溶性无机离子和碳组分含量,并采用化学质量平衡模型(CMB)计算了7类污染源的贡献率.结果表明:3个点位PM2.5平均质量浓度春季为39.63μg/m3、夏季为29....     

硫化物生物氧化脱硫技术研究现状

介绍了近年来国内外硫化物生物氧化为单质硫的各种脱硫技术.分析总结了硫化物生物氧化为单质硫工艺的各种影响因素,包括氧硫比、溶解氧浓度、硫化物浓度、化学氧化、微生物菌种、pH值、温度等因素.提出了生物氧化脱硫技术的发展前景.该技术将脱硫和单质硫的回收和为一体,是一种安全、低成本将含硫废液变废为宝的工艺技术.     

蜡防印花生产废水处理工程扩改设计

对蜡防印花生产废水处理工程进行扩改设计,实际结果表明:机械洗蜡废水分流后经双级气浮处理,蜡回收率和处理水回用率可达90%以上;皂化脱蜡废水分流后采用酸化-气浮处理,蜡回收率可达95%以上,出水与印花水洗废水经微电解脱色,脱色率可达85%以上;混合废水经混凝气浮-生物接触氧化-沉淀-过滤组合工艺处理,出水达标排放。该处理工艺效率高,效果稳定,经济效益和环境效益高。     

赣南小流域的水文地球化学特征和主要风化过程

对赣南花岗岩小流域进行采样、测试及分析,发现其河水含有较低的矿化度,水化学组成以Na ,Ca2 ,Cl-1和HCO-3为主,溶解性Si的含量明显较高,代表了典型硅酸盐地区河流的相应化学组成.通过Gibbs图分析,赣南流域大部分地区受大气降水的影响比较显著,"蒸发-浓缩"类型的小流域也较多.根据主成分分析和因子分析的结果,定量地估算了大气中CO2和三类岩石对河水中各种离子的贡献比例.与黄河相比,赣南流域受硅酸盐岩风化作用强烈,但主要影响因素仍是碳酸盐和蒸发盐岩,二者对赣南流域溶解质的贡献率分别为42.8%和29.2%,大气中CO2对河水溶解质的贡献率为21.4%,低于世界平均水平.主要风化反应以岩盐和方解石的溶解为主,Si/(Na* K)比值较低,说明风化反应在表生环境中进行,其产物是富含阳离子的次生矿物.     

化学解耦联剂对活性污泥产率的控制作用

采用3,3',4',5-四氯水杨酰苯胺(TCS)作为代谢解耦联剂添加到活性污泥工艺中,进行连续曝气分批培养实验.结果表明:在TCS总投加量相同的情况下,采用一次性大剂量投加的污泥减量化效果好于分次小剂量投加.每d投加 12 mg TCS,污泥产量比对照下降了33%,而每2 d一次性投加24 mg TCS,污泥产量比对照下降了55%.污泥的CODCr去除能力有所下降,当一次性投加12 mg时,CODCr去除率比对照下降了12%,但出水氨氮及总氮质量浓度均未受影响.污泥的SVI有所上升,但沉降性能未见有明显变化.      

生物过滤法处理挥发性有机物气体研究进展

生物过滤法是一种高效、廉价的废气处理技术。介绍了近年来生物过滤法处理挥发性有机物(VOCs)气体的研究进展。重点讨论了生物过滤法处理VOCs气体的性能、影响因素和运行模拟等内容。     

铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥的再生利用研究

对混凝法处理铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥再生利用进行了研究,得到了适宜的操作条件.结果表明,用浓硫酸溶解污泥的最佳用量为0.14～0.16 mL/g湿污泥,湿污泥的溶解率可达90%,铝的溶出率也可达95%以上.把污泥的溶解液作混凝剂回用于印染废水的混凝处理也取得了良好的效果,其COD去除率≥80%,脱色率≥90%.实现了资源的二次利用,改善了作业环境,获得了较好的经济效益和社会效益.     

焦化污染场地土壤多环芳烃的生物强化协同降解工艺研究

以某废弃焦化厂的多环芳烃（PAHs）污染土壤为研究对象,通过耦合表活淋洗、生物降解、化学氧化等技术设计了4种修复工艺,并进行了试验验证。结果表明：针对该实际焦化污染土壤,单一的生物泥浆降解工艺21 d后PAHs可实现58.64%的降解率;采用表活增溶+化学氧化+生物泥浆的降解工艺,26 d降解率可达到65.68%,但前置的化学氧化会抑制生物降解效果;采用干筛分+表活分批淋洗+化学氧化的降解工艺降解率可达到85.36%,有效缩短降解时间到13 d内,但土壤中残留的PAHs与土壤颗粒结合紧密,化学氧化降解率仍难以满足大于90%的要求;采用湿筛分+表活分批淋洗+生物泥浆+化学氧化的生物强化协同降解工艺,29 d降解率可达到95.32%,实现了土壤的修复目标。生物强化协同降解工艺路线,综合了多种修复技术的优点,实现了修复技术组合优化,为焦化污染土壤中多环芳烃降解修复提供了可行的工艺路径。     

Effect of humic substances on the precipitation of calcium phosphate

For phosphorus （P） recovery from wastewater, the effect of humic substances （HS） on the precipitation of calcium phosphate was studied. Batch experiments of calcium phosphate precipitation were undertaken with synthetic water that contained 20 mg/L phosphate （as P） and 20 mg/L HS （as dissolved organic carbon, DOC） at a constant pH value in the range of 8.0-10.0. The concentration variations of phosphate, calcium （Ca） and HS were measured in the precipitation process; the crystalline state and compositions of the precipitates were analysed by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD） and chemical methods, respectively. It showed that at solution pH 8.0, the precipitation rate and removal efficiency of phosphate were greatly reduced by HS, but at solution pH ≥9.0, the effect of HS was very small. The Ca consumption for the precipitation of phosphate increased when HS was added; HS was also removed from solution with the precipitation of calcium phosphate. At solution pH 8.0 and HS concentrations ≤3.5 mg/L, and at pH ≥ 9.0 and HS concentrations ≤ 10 mg/L, the final precipitates were proved to be hydroxyapatite （HAP） by XRD. The increases of solution pH value and initial Ca/P ratio helped reduce the influence of HS on the precipitation of phosphate.     

Observation of atmospheric nitrous acid with DOAS in Beijing, China

Measurements of nitrous acid （HONO） and nitrogen dioxide （NO2） in Beijing City have been performed by means of a developed differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS） system based on photodiode array （PDA）, during the autumn of 2004. HONO and NO2 were simultaneously identified by their characteristic absorption bands in the spectral region between 337 nm and 372 nm with high sensibility and time resolution. The concentrations of HONO exhibit obviously diurnal variation with a nocturnal maximum and a daytime minimum. The highest HONO value up to 11.8 μg/m^3 was observed during the night of 2/3 September. Possible sources of the observed HONO were discussed. Good correlation to NO2 indicates that NO2 is a main source component. The measurement also shows direct emission of HONO is an imnortant source in strongly polluted urban area.