蒽醌染整废水处理试验研究

本研究采用厌氧水解 好氧和单独好氧处理 2种生化方法对蒽醌染整废水进行了平行对照试验。试验结果表明 ,厌氧水解 好氧处理方法可有效地提高该废水的可生化程度 ,当进水CODCr浓度为 90 0mg L时 ,处理后出水CODCr可达 12 0～ 170mg L ,明显优于单独好氧处理的出水水质。经进一步混凝处理后 ,上述生化出水CODCr可近一步降低到10 0mg L左右     

海南三亚近岸海域水化学要素的分布特征和变化规律

本文调查研究了海南三亚近岸海域水化学要素的浓度和分布，结果表明：（１）表层ＤＯ、ＮＯ－２、ＮＯ－３、ＮＨ＋４、ＰＯ３－４和ＣＯＤ的平均浓度分别为４１１．９、０．０５、０．４７、１．７９、０．１６μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３和１．３１ｍｇ／Ｌ。（２）河流输入对沿岸海域水化学要素的影响主要集中于ＮＨ＋４和ＣＯＤ，对ＰＯ３－４和ＮＯ－３的浓度影响不明显，海域总体为一贫营养盐区域。采用主成分分析表明控制水化学要素的主要因子是河流的输入和由此导致了的生物旺发。     

中小城市污水化学强化一级处理分析

在中小城市污水处理特点的基础上，分析了适宜中小城市污水处理的投融资方式，化学强化一级处理的工艺方法、效果及存在的问题。     

上海新港河道耗氧特性研究及其综合整治措施

通过实验室试验测定,得出了上海市新港河道水体和底泥的耗氧特性曲线,分析了水体和底泥耗氧的阶段历时、阶段耗氧特性及动力学过程.在缺乏河道水质模型的情况下,利用耗氧特性曲线可以估算各个阶段的耗氧量和河道的总耗氧量,为河道充氧设备的选择提供一定的理论指导.通过计算,上海新港河道的总耗氧量约为75.7kg/d.上海宏成实业发展有限公司采用充氧曝气、投加微生物、种植水生植物等措施对河道进行了治理,实践表明,这些措施可以使新港河道的水质有明显的改善.     

准好氧填埋结构耗氧半径的确定

依据准好氧填埋的原理构建了填埋试验装置.在准好氧填埋结构中,空气通过渗滤液收集主管道和竖直通风管道在垃圾层进行扩散,并在这些管道周围形成好氧区,在空气扩散不到的地方为厌氧区依据氧气浓度在垃圾层内的不同来决定它在垃圾层内的分布状态.并通过对单独的一根竖直通风管道进行氧气浓度插值分析,判断氧气通过竖直通风管道在垃圾层内的影响区域.结果表明,氧气的浓度分布顺序为上层＞中层＞下层.确立了本实验条件下准好氧填埋的好氧区域,通过二次曲面进行拟合,得到它的水平耗氧半径为7.3m,竖直耗氧半径为3.5m.     

含氯有机物非生物降解方法的最新研究进展

通过介绍目前国际上对含氯有机物的非生物降解方法的最新研究成果,包括零价金属还原、金属组合体系还原脱氯、含铁化合物还原降解、催化加氢还原以及机械化学方法等.分析了每种技术的具体应用和存在的问题以及这些处理方法的发展方向等.     

Combined effect of US/PFS on the black liquor of making paper

The reed pulping black liquor is used as a sample. Researches of (1) combined effect of ultrasound(US)/polyferric sulphate(PFS)/hydrogen peroxide(H2O2); (2) effects of the horn tip areas; (3) effect of dose of PFS were carried. Extrapolation of these experiments indicated treatment results are possibly related to complex chemical compositions in the reed pulping black liquor.     

Phytotoxicity assessment of phenanthrene, pyrene and their mixtures by a soil-based seedling emergence test

Seedling emergence tests were conducted in a meadow brown soil using five plant species ( i. e., Chinese cabbage, green onion, tomato, turnip and wheat) to determine the phytotoxicity of phenanthrene, pyrene and their mixtures. The soil was amended with up to 1000mg/kg soil of phenanthrene or 600 mg/kg soil of pyrene. Seedling emergence and root growth were measured. The results indicated that root elongation was more sensitive than seedling emergence. Root length decreased with increasing phenanthrene or pyrene concentrations(p≤0.05). Phenanthrene was more phytotoxic than pyrene. The lowest observable adverse effect concentration(LOAEC) was 10mg/kg for phenanthrene when tested with green onion, and 50mg/kg for pyrene when tested with wheat. Among the five species, wheat was found to be the most sensitive. When amended jointly at or below their respective LOAEC, phenanthrene and pyrene produced a synergistic toxic effect.     

Uptake and accumulation of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soils by Ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)

Phytoremediation has long been recognized as a cost-effective method for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） from soil. A study was conducted to investigate the uptake and accumulation of PAHs in root and shoot of Lolium perenne L. Pot experiments were conducted with series of concentrations of 3.31-378.37 mg/kg for phenanthrene and those of 4.22-365.38 mg/kg for pyrene in a greenhouse. The results showed that both ryegrass roots and shoots did take up PAHs from spiked soils, and generally increased with increasing concentrations of PAH in soil. Bioconcentration factors（BCFs） of phenanthrene by shoots and roots were 0.24- 4.25 and 0.17-2.12 for the same treatment. BCFs of pyrene by shoots were 0.20-1.5, except for 4.06 in 4.32 mg/kg treatment, much lower than BCFs of pyrene by roots （0.58-2.28）. BCFs of phenanthrene and pyrene tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil. Direct uptake and accumulation of these compounds by Lolium perenne L. was very low compared with the other loss pathways, which meant that plant-promoted microbial biodegradation might be the main contribution to plant-enhanced removal of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil. However, the presence of Lolium perenne L. significantly enhanced the removal of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soil. At the end of 60 d experiment, the extractable concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene were lower in planted soil than in non-planted soil, about 83.24%-91.98% of phenanthrene and 68.53%-84.10% of pyrene were removed from soils, respectively. The results indicated that the removal of PAHs in contaminated soils was a feasible approach by using Lolium perenne L.     

养猪场废水中SS与COD浓度的相关性分析

通过取样检测、实验分析,论证了养猪场废水中固体悬浮物(SS)含量与化学需氧量(COD)浓度的相关关系,讨论了SS对COD的影响趋势。结果表明,通过测定SS的含量,可以快速确定二沉池出水的COD浓度。