高碑店湖表层水中雌激素的分布及其光降解影响因素

雌激素等内分泌干扰物在水体中普遍存在,其在再生水中的存在以及在水体中的迁移转化会产生潜在的健康和生态风险。光降解是水体中雌激素消除的主要途径之一,水体中共存的无机离子及有机质等对雌激素的光解存在不同的影响。对高碑店湖再生水体中雌激素的污染状况进行了调查,结果显示表层水中天然雌激素雌酮(E1)和人工合成雌激素17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的浓度最高。在模拟太阳光照射条件下对E1在水溶液中的降解规律及影响因素进行了研究,发现在模拟1 SUN的光密度条件下,15 min时E1降解率可达85%(C0=5μg·L-1),而氨氮对E1的光降解存在一定的抑制作用,并且抑制作用随着氨氮的升高而变大。与纯水系统相比,高碑店湖表层水基质中E1的光降解速率较低,说明整体上氨氮、HCO-3、浊度等因素对E1光降解产生的抑制作用占主导。对雌酮及其降解产物进行了红外光谱分析,结果显示1 720 cm-1对应的C=O键特征峰在光照时间为0、10和20 min样品中的强度逐渐减弱,而2 854 cm-1和2 925 cm-1对应的脂肪碳的C-H键特征峰先增强后减弱,可能是因为E1结构中的C-C=O发生了反应生成了C=C-OH,而随着反应的继续,C=C也被进一步氧化,但降解产物的结构需要进一步研究推断。随着E1的光降解,E1水溶液的内分泌干扰活性逐渐下降,氨氮虽然对E1的光降解有一定的抑制作用,但随着降解反应的进行E1水溶液的内分泌干扰活性依然呈下降趋势。     

环境作用动力学基础及应用

目的优化原有的环境作用动力学理论模型。方法在原有环境作用动力学理论模型的基础上,提出环境适应性、环境响应性、变化重复性等3个概念,修改蠕变动力学理论模型的假设2。结果形成了由8个定义、2个假设组成的更加完善的环境作用动力学理论模型。结论新的环境作用动力学理论模型涵盖了蠕变动力学理论模型和原有的环境作用动力学理论模型,应用范围得到大大扩展。     

Synthesis of novel CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties

To utilize visible light more effectively in photocatalytic reactions, a fly ash cenosphere （FAC）-supported CeO2-BiV04 （CeO2-BiVO4/FAC） composite photocatalyst was prepared by modified metalorganic decomposition and impregnation methods. The physical and photophysical properties of the composite have been characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The XRD patterns exhibited characteristic diffraction peaks of both BiVO4 and Ce02 crystalline phases. The XPS results showed that Ce was present as both Ce4＋ and Ce3＋ oxidation states in Ce02 and dispersed on the surface of BiV04 to constitute a p-n heterojunction composite. The absorption threshold of the CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite shifted to a longer wavelength in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum compared to the pure Ce02 and pure BiV04. The composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for Methylene Blue （MB） degradation under visible light irradiation. It was found that the 7.5 wt.% CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite showed the highest photocatalytic activity for MB dye wastewater treatment.     

CuO/BiVO_4催化剂制备及其可见光降解甲苯效果研究

采用水热法和浸渍法制备复合催化剂CuO/BiVO4。利用紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis-DRS)和电化学测试手段对样品进行表征。UV-Vis-DRS表征表明,CuO的负载几乎不改变BiVO4的可见光吸收范围;线性扫描伏安法(LSV)和塔菲尔(Tafel)电化学表征说明复合催化剂中异质结的形成促进了光生电子-空穴的分离,提高了催化剂的光催化活性。通过考察CuO负载对该样品在可见光下光催化矿化甲苯效果的影响,结果显示Cu含量为4.0 wt%时BiVO4矿化甲苯效果最佳,光催化降解308 mg/m3的甲苯6 h后,最高矿化率由纯BiVO4的4.1%提高到19.5%。     

Biogenic C-doped titania templated by cyanobacteria for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

Cyanobacteria, which occurred in eutrophic water harvest solar light to carry out photosynthesis with high efficiency. In this work, cyanobacteria （Microcystis sp.） were used as biotemplate to synthesize titania structure. The synthesized titania sample had similar morphology to that of the original template in spite of the fragile unicellular structures and extremely high water content of cyanobacterial cells. Incorporation of biogenic C, as well as the morphology inherited from biotemplate improved visible- light absorbance of the titania structure. The sample exhibited higher visible-light photocatalytic activity than commercial titania photocatalyst Degussa P25 for Rhodamine B （RhB） degradation. Compared with those C-doped titania photocatalysts prepared by other methods, cyanobacteria templated titania photocatalyst offer some potential for competitive advantages. The reported strategy opened up a new use for the cyanobacteria. It could also be used for titania in applications such as treatment of polluted water, dye-sensitized solar cells, or other regions.     

Combination of heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction and photocatalysis using Co-TiO2 nanocatalyst for activation of KHSO5 with visible light irradiation at ambient conditions

A novel coupled system using Co–Ti O2 was successfully designed which combined two different heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes, sulfate radical based Fenton-like reaction（SR-Fenton） and visible light photocatalysis（Vis-Photo）, for degradation of organic contaminants. The synergistic effect of SR-Fenton and Vis-Photo was observed through comparative tests of 50 mg/L Rhodamine B（Rh B） degradation and TOC removal. The Rhodamine B degradation rate and TOC removal were 100% and 68.1% using the SR-Fenton/Vis-Photo combined process under ambient conditions, respectively. Moreover, based on XRD, XPS and UV-DRS characterization, it can be deduced that tricobalt tetroxide located on the surface of the catalyst is the SR-Fenton active site, and cobalt ion implanted in the Ti O2 lattice is the reason for the visible light photocatalytic activity of Co–Ti O2. Finally, the effects of the calcination temperature and cobalt concentration on the synergistic performance were also investigated and a possible mechanism for the synergistic system was proposed. This coupled system exhibited excellent catalytic stability and reusability,and almost no dissolution of Co2＋was found.     

可见光下掺氮TiO_2分子印迹聚合物的选择性光降解

采用表面分子印迹技术,以溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺氮TiO_2为基质、水杨酸为模板分子、甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和偶氮二异丁腈分别为交联剂和引发剂制备了掺氮TiO_2分子印迹聚合物。通过傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和低温N2物理吸附-脱附等技术对制备样品进行了表征。结果表明,样品均为锐钛矿相,粒径10~20 nm且分布均匀;氮掺杂引起光吸收带边红移;表面分子印迹技术在掺氮TiO_2表面形成的有机聚合物层增大了粒径,但改变了回滞环形状及孔径分布,形成了大量孔径为2.2 nm的小孔并增大了比表面积;可见光下对水杨酸、甲基橙、苯甲酸的降解选择系数在1.1~1.7之间,具有良好的选择性。     

环境应急为重污染天气打造防火墙

自2013年初大范围雾霾天气出现以来,我国采取了众多措施应对重污染天气,全力改善大气质量。然而空气污染是长期积累形成的,空气质量改善也必将是长期和逐步的过程,目前大气污染物排放总量仍超过环境容量,短期内仍然会发生不同程度的空气重污染。在加大大气污染治理力度的同时,针对可能发生的重污染天气,加强应急管理,采取强有力的应急响应措施,减缓污染积累,保护公众健康,是大气污染防治体系中的重要一环。加强应急     

俄罗斯国家应急救援管理政策及相关法律法规(一)

应急管理政策作为俄罗斯国家发展策略中的一个有机组成部分,在这个领域的立法里涉及了技术性灾害(包含有害材料),包括逐渐综合的强制性的"系统法案"和越来越多的特殊法案的合并,以及占有绝对优势的联邦应急救援法案.大多数针对应急救援管理和应急响应法案仍然属于特殊的法律法规.在制度上,应急救援政策涉及到俄罗斯联邦预防和消除紧急情况统一国家体系(USEPE)的组织和发展,紧急状态部(EMERCOM)在处理技术性灾害和突发事件时作为重要的协同者和参与者.本文概述20世纪90年代和21世纪初期俄罗斯整体的应急管理政策.     

OSHMS应急预案与响应常见不符合项

通过近期职业安全健康管理体系审核，对常见不符合统计分析发现，企业在建立职业安全健康管理体系时，在4、4、7“应急反应与准备”中常见缺陷主要包括六个方面：“设备保养检查”、“应变程序不完备”、“演习应变计划”、“应变措施或设备不当”、“人员训练”以及“其他”。