Anti-fouling ultrafiltration membrane prepared from polysulfone-graft-methyl acrylate copolymers by UV-induced grafting method

Membrane fouling is one of the most important challenges faced in membrane ultrafiltration operations. The copolymers of polysulfone-graft-methyl acrylate were synthesized by homogeneous photo-initiated graft copolymerization. The variables affecting the degree of grafting, such as the time of UV(Ultraviolet-visible)irradiation and the concentrations of the methyl acrylate and photoinitiator, were investigated. The graft copolymer membranes were prepared by the phase inversion method. The chemical and morphological changes were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angles measurements. Results revealed that methyl acrylate groups were present on the membranes and the graft degree of methyl acrylate had remarkable effect on the performance of membranes. Pure water contact allgle on the membrane surface decreases with the increase of methyl acrylate graftdegree. which indicated that the hydrophilicity of graft copolymer membranes Was improved. The permeation fluxes of pure water and bovine serum albumin solution were measured to evaluate the antifouling property of graft copolymer membranes, the results of which have shown an enhancement of antifouling property for graft copoly mermembranes.     

Bi2WO6可见光催化降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

采用水热合成法制备Bi2WO6催化剂,并通过XRD,UV-vis DRS等手段对其进行表征;以活性艳红X-3B为目标污染物,研究催化剂量、X-3B初始浓度、反应溶液pH值以及H2O2等因素在可见光辐射下对其光催化降解效果的影响.结果表明,所制备的Bi2WO6催化剂结晶度好,具有较强的可见光吸收能力;最佳催化反应条件为: X-3B初始浓度20mg/L,Bi2WO6用量2g/L, pH5.18(原始pH值).在此条件下,光照60min,对X-3B的去除率可达到86%;加入2mL/L 30%的H2O2,光照30min,降解率可达到96%以上,降解反应符合一级反应动力学.光催化反应可以有效地破坏X-3B的发色基团偶氮结构使其脱色,但在所设定的反应时间(80 min)内X-3B不能被完全矿化,反应过程中有中间产物生成.     

溴氧化铋可见光催化降解高效氯氰菊酯的研究

在可见光(λ≥420 nm)照射下,利用溴氧化铋(bismuth oxide bromide,BiOBr)作为光催化剂降解农药高效氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin,beta-CP),采用气相色谱仪跟踪检测beta-CP降解过程中的变化,研究了BiOBr在可见光照条件下催化降解beta-CP的特性;同时,探讨了介质pH条件和催化剂用量对其光催化降解效果的影响;采用化学需氧量(COD)测定仪测定了beta-CP光催化体系深度矿化氧化的效果.结果表明,在可见光激发下BiOBr能有效降解农药beta-CP,在实验条件下光催化反应10 h后,beta-CP的降解率达到94.68%;随着催化剂用量和pH的增大,beta-CP的降解速率在不断加快;光催化反应36 h,Vis/BiOBr/beta-CP体系的COD去除率达67.99%.利用对苯二甲酸荧光法和过氧化物酶催化氧化方法跟踪测定光催化过程中氧化物种的变化,结果表明其光催化反应机制涉及·OH氧化过程.     

Reaction site and mechanism in the UV or visible light induced TiO2 photodegradation of Orange G

For TiO2 heterogeneous reaction, the reaction site and the detailed mechanism are interesting and controversy topics. In this paper, effects of surface fluorination of TiO2 on the photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye, Orange G（OG） under UV or visible light irradiation were investigated, and the possible reaction site and mechanism were elucidated. The adsorption of OG on TiO2 was nearly inhibited by fluoride but its UV light induced photodegradation rate was greatly increased by a factor of about 2.7, which was due to the more generated free hydroxyl radicals. It supported the views that fluoride could desorb the oxidant species from surface and that the reaction sites could move to the bulk solution. In TiO2/Vis system, the observed inhibition effects of fluorination could be interpreted by the competitive adsorption, which provided additional evidences that the visible light sensitized photodegradation of dye pollutants on the catalyst surface.     

锌铝水滑石负载羧酸基酞菁锌可见光降解水中氯苯酚

以锌铝类水滑石为载体,1.0%(质量分数)水溶性羧酸基酞菁锌为光敏剂,制备了不溶于水的负载型光敏剂,并对其结构进行表征.结果表明,在可见光和氧气作用下,该复合催化剂能够引发水中对氯苯酚、2,4-二氯苯酚和2,4,6-三氯苯酚的降解.但有机物降解的速率与载体的锌铝比和煅烧温度有关.研究表明,最佳的锌铝比和煅烧温度分别为2.0和300℃.在反应过程中,载体及其煅烧产物具有电子导体的功能,可加快光敏剂与氧气之间的电子转移过程,进而引发氯苯酚的降解.此外,该复合催化剂能被重复循环使用,但光敏活性逐渐降低.     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2可见光下光催化降解孔雀石绿的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂,然后浸渍法制备出H3PW12O40/TiO2复合型光催化剂,并运用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析.研究了可见光光照下H3PW12O40/TiO2对孔雀石绿降解的光催化活性,考察了浸渍量、催化剂用量、底物浓度、pH值对光催化降解率的影响.实验表明,在pH=5条件下,H3PW12O40/TiO2催化剂用量为0.3g.L-1,浓度为10mg·mL-1的孔雀石绿溶液在2L·min-1曝气、300W可见光下光照4h后光催化降解率为78%,比TiO2光催化活性提高了24%.     

可见光响应手性TiO2复合光催化剂及其降解有机污染物

通过空穴和自由基捕获剂的加入,首先研究了可见光激发下手性TiO₂复合光催化剂降解罗丹明B和四环素的机理. 结果表明,可见光激发TiO₂光催化剂降解罗丹明B和四环素的机理是相同的,其形成的光生空穴是降解有机物的关键影响因素.利用D型手性表面活性剂在低温时可以构建右旋非对称手性堆积结构的D-TiO₂. 这种非对称结构在介孔TiO₂内部引入氧空穴和Ti-N键,使D-TiO₂也具有显著的可见光响应和可见光降解活性. La³⁺ 或者Fe³⁺的掺杂几乎不影响催化剂的形貌及其TiO₂的结晶过程, 但可以在催化剂中形成光生空穴和电子的捕获中心,显著提升可见光激发下TiO₂催化剂中光生空穴和电子的分离率,从而增强催化剂对四环素的光降解活性.     

Ag， Fe， Ce对ZnTi-LDO可见光催化性能的影响及作用机理

为了解金属及其氧化物对锌钛类水滑石衍生氧化物（ZnTi-LDO）可见光催化性能的影响，并获得在可见光下可快速降解染料的LDO光催化剂，制备了Ag、Fe、Ce修饰的复合材料（M-ZnTi-LDO,M=Ag,Ag₂O,Fe,Ce）.通过XRD、TEMHRTEM、XPS、BET、UV-Vis、PL对所合成材料的结构、形貌、表面化学状态、光学性质进行了表征，评价了上述材料在可见光下对亚甲基蓝（MB）的催化降解性能，通过自由基捕获实验确定了催化降解活性物种，提出了相关催化机理.结果表明，Fe、Ce金属氧化物及金属Ag抑制了材料的可见光催化性能，Ag₂O则显著提升了ZnTi-LDO的可见光催化性能.Ag₂O-ZnTi-LDO在20 min内即可使MB降解率>98%，其表观降解速率常数是ZnTi-LDO的7倍.此外，Ag₂O-ZnTi-LDO稳定性良好，循环5次无催化性能下降.·O₂^-是Ag₂O-ZnTi-LDO催化降解MB的主要活性物种.A...