抗溶泡沫灭火剂灭水溶性液体火的对比试验研究

采用标准油盘火试验模型对比考察了无水乙醇和丙酮的燃烧性质差异,以及3类6种抗溶泡沫灭火剂灭乙醇火和丙酮火的灭火性能差异。试验结果表明,乙醇的燃烧剧烈程度和放热量远低于丙酮,且乙醇火比丙酮火易于扑灭;不同类型抗溶泡沫灭火剂在灭火效能上没有明显差异,但不同来源产品灭火效能差异较大。在选用抗溶泡沫灭火剂时建议开展针对性的灭火试验评估。     

泡沫铜气体扩散电极处理活性艳红废水

采用铜基泡沫材料作为阴极,并根据泡沫材料电阻小、强度高、孔隙多的特点设计气体扩散电极,开发了一套基于铜基泡沫材料的气体扩散电解废水处理方法.实验结果表明,该方法在电解电压仅为1.65 V时,120 min内原位生成14.29 mg·L-1的H2O2.采用该系统对活性艳红废水进行降解,结果表明其在电解电压为2 V时即可快速高效地降解活性艳红X-3B模拟染料废水,120 min内模拟废水色度去除率达96.19%,色度被快速消除.UV-Vis与LC-TOF MS检测结果表明,降解过程中,萘环、三嗪结构及较稳定的苯环均被同步快速降解.该方法所需降解电压较低,只有2 V,而普通电解方法通常需8—25 V,能耗显著下降.这种低电压气体扩散电极电解不仅极大地抑制了水的无效电解,由于产生了·OH,还能维持相对高的有效氧化还原电位,高效降解污染物,是一种高效低耗的电化学水处理方法.     

矿用网式发泡器结构参数影响发泡性能规律实验研究

设计加工了一种新型矿用网式发泡器,针对网式发泡器在煤矿井下较大风压和水压条件下发泡倍数低的缺点,采用参数优化的方式对网式发泡器的发泡网层数、发泡网直径、发泡网间距、发泡网厚度以及泡沫除尘剂溶液出口距发泡网距离5个参数进行了优化实验。研究表明,随着发泡网层数和泡沫除尘剂溶液出口距发泡网距离的增大,发泡量呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;随着发泡网直径和发泡网厚度的减小,发泡倍数逐渐增大;随着发泡网间距增大,发泡量和发泡倍数逐渐增大后趋于稳定,优化后发泡器的发泡倍数可达53.57倍。     

汽油火灾专用泡沫灭火剂的制备及灭火性能的试验研究

为有效预防和控制汽油火灾的发生,以阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的复配混合物为原料,制备一种高效、环保的汽油火灾专用泡沫灭火剂,采用恒温水浴的方法确定了该新型泡沫灭火剂的适宜配比和用量,并通过设计试验对该新型泡沫灭火剂的灭火性能和灭火效果进行了测试与检验。结果表明:该新型泡沫灭火剂的流变性能可满足消防需要,且热化学性能和灭火性能良好,其中配方含量为3%时灭火效果最佳。     

Influence of dissolved organic matter character on mercury incorporation by planktonic organisms：An experimental study using oligotrophic water from Patagonian lakes

Ligands present in dissolved organic matter （DOM） form complexes with inorganic divalent mercury （Hg^2＋） affecting its bioavailability in pelagic food webs. This investigation addresses the influence of a natural gradient of DOM present in Patagonian lakes on the bioaccumulation of Hg^2＋ （the prevailing mercury species in the water column of these lakes） by the algae Cryptomonas erosa and the zooplankters Brachionus calyciflorus and Boeckella antiqua. Hg^2＋ accumulation was studied through laboratory experiments using natural water of four oligotrophic Patagonian lakes amended with^197Hg^2＋. The bioavailability of Hg^2＋ was affected by the concentration and character of DOM. The entrance of Hg^2＋ into pelagic food webs occurs mostly through passive and active accumulation. The incorporation of Hg^2＋ by Cryptomonas, up to 27% of the Hg^2＋ amended, was found to be rapid and dominated by passive adsorption, and was greatest when low molecular weight compounds with protein-like or small phenolic signatures prevailed in the DOM. Conversely, high molecular weight compounds with a humic or fulvic signature kept Hg^2＋ in the dissolved phase, resulting in the lowest Hg^2＋ accumulation in this algae. In Brachionus and Boeckella the direct incorporation of Hg from the aqueous phase was up to 3% of the Hg^2＋ amended. The dietary incorporation of Hg^2＋ by Boeckella exceeded the direct absorption of this metal in natural water, and was remarkably similar to the Hg^2＋ adsorbed in their prey. Overall, DOM concentration and character affected the adsorption of Hg^2＋ by algae through competitive binding, while the incorporation of Hg^2＋ into the zooplankton was dominated by trophic or dietary transfer.     

生物过滤塔净化甲醛废气的动力学研究

选用榛子壳作为反应器的填料,利用沈阳北部污水处理厂的活性污泥对填料进行挂膜,由低到高通入甲醛气体进行驯化。在系统稳定后进行了生物过滤塔净化甲醛气体的实验研究,并建立了生物过滤塔降解甲醛气体的动力学模型。结果表明,入口气体浓度在低于25mg/m3时,甲醛废气的净化效率可保持在97％以上,超过此浓度值时,效率明显下降。随着进口气体流量的增加,净化率逐渐下降,由入口流量为0．2m3／h时的97．25％下降到入口流量为0．8m弧时的57．2％。根据现有动力学模型及本实验得出数据所建立的生物过滤塔净化甲醛气体的动力学模型,可以较好地模拟系统处理甲醛废气的实验结果,验证了模型的正确性。     

一起焦炭塔自动顶盖机泄漏着火事故分析

针对一起焦炭塔自动顶盖机泄漏着火事故,开展了现场设备检查、中控室工艺操作状况核查、监控视频调阅、相关人员讯问,以及及液压螺栓锁环行程和相关部件受力状况核算综合分析结果表明:除焦人员关闭事故焦炭塔自动顶盖机时,液压螺栓锁环未锁到位的失误操作是事故发生的直接原因;而部分液压螺栓升降失是,调节不当,在关盖操作中,伸出长度不够,致使锁环不能完全进入卡糟内,导致液压螺栓头部棱边挤压到锁环孔角,阻碍了锁环锁到位,是事故发生的间接原因.     

某炼钢厂2#转炉一次烟气塔-环隙工艺技改前后除尘效果分析

某钢厂2#转炉一次烟气除尘系统由原来"两文"系统改为"塔-环隙"系统,经过比较研究两种除尘系统的运行效果得出:塔-环隙系统实现喉口自动调节,出口含尘浓度明显降低,煤气回收利用率基本持平。     

Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day 12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL (0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits.     

两种抗生素对塔玛亚历山大藻生长和产毒的影响

论文以中国南海筛选的一株塔玛亚历山大藻Alexandrium tamarense C101为研究对象,研究了两种抗生素,氨苄青霉素(ampicillin,Amp)和新霉素(neomycin,Nm)对A.tamarense C101细胞生长、形态以及毒素含量的影响.结果表明:和空白对照组相比,经1 500μg/mL Nm...