Monitoring impact of mefenacet treatment on soil microbial communities by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting and conventional testing procedures

The effect of acetanilide herbicide mefenacet on soil microbial communities was studied using paddy soil samples with different short-term treatments. The culturable bacteria （plate counts）, dehydrogenase activity and changes in community structure （denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） analysis） were used for biological community assessments. Mefenacet was a significant stimulus to cultural aerobic bacteria and dehydrogenase activity while Sphingobacterium multivorum Y1, a bacterium efficiently degrading the mefenacet, only induced the increasing colony-forming unit （CFU） of bacteria but little effect on dehydrogenase activity during the whole experiment. The degree of similarity between the 16S rDNA profiles of the communities was quantified by numerically analyzing the DGGE band patterns. Similarity dendrograms showed that the microbial community structures of the mefenacet-treated and non-treated soils were not significantly different. But supplement of S. multivorum Y1 could increase the diversity of the microbial community in the mefenacet-polluted paddy soil. This work is a new attempt to apply the S. multivorum Y1 for remediation of the mefenacet-polluted environments.     

Free cupric ions in contaminated agricultural soils around a copper mine in eastern Nanjing City, China

To determine the environmental free metal ion activity was a recent hot issue. A method to measure low-level free cupric ion activity in soil solution extracted with 0.01 mol/L KNO3 was developed by using cupric ion-selective electrode （ISE） and calibrating with Cu-buffer solution. Three copper buffers including iminodiacetic acid （IDA）, ethylenediamine （EN）, and glycine （Gly） were compared for calibrating the Cu-ISE curves in the range of free cupric ions （pCu^2＋） 7-13. The Cu-EN buffer showed the best electrode response and thus was applied as the calibration buffer. The pCu^2＋ of 39 contaminated agricultural soils around a copper mine was measured, ranging from 5.03 to 9.20. Most Cu in the soil solutions was found to be complexed with dissolved soil organic matters, averaging 98.1%. The proportion of free Cu^2＋ ions in the soil solutions decreased with the increasing of solution pH. Soluble Cu and free Cu^2＋ ions concentrations were analyzed by multiple linear regressions to evaluate the effects of soil properties on metal levels and speciation. The results showed that soil solution pH was the most significant factor influencing pCu^2＋ （with R^2 value of 0.76）, while not important for the soluble Cu concentration.     

Heavy metal concentrations in plants and soils at roadside locations and parks of urban Guangzhou

Introduction In 2003, 48 per cent of the world's population is estimated to live in urban areas with the proportion that is urban projected to rise to 61 per cent by 2030 (United Nations, 2004). Moreover, during 2000— 2030 the world's urban population is…     

关于土壤污染的概念和3类评价指标的探讨

就当前各方对土壤污染概念认识的差别进行了讨论,提出以土壤环境背景值、土壤环境质量第二级标准值和土壤污染临界值作为区域和场地土壤污染评价的3类指标的建议。3类指标的取值及含义为:(1)土壤环境背景值上限值:采用当地数值。这是揭示当前土壤是否有污染物进入的临界点,是保持当前土壤良好状态的目标值。若土壤中化学物质含量高于此值,则要警惕,要找出和控制污染源,防止污染物继续进入,以保护土壤环境质量。(2)土壤环境质量标准:采用通用的GB 15618第二级标准值。这是初步判断和识别当地土壤是否受污染的筛选值。若化学物质含量低于此值,说明土壤未受污染,不须进行深入调研;若高于此值,则土壤可能受污染,但要依据深入调研或风险评估而定。(3)土壤污染临界值:通过对当地土壤污染的风险评估,得出土壤污染临界值。这是揭示土壤是否受污染的阈值。若化学物质含量高于此值,说明土壤已受污染,应研究提出修复污染土壤与控制污染源的方案。     

云南某典型喀斯特区域农田土壤镉、砷污染特征及来源

为研究区域内农田土壤Cd、As的污染特征和来源,对云南某典型喀斯特区域农田内70个表层土壤样品、4个土壤剖面和10个岩石样品中的Cd、As元素含量进行分析测试.结果表明:区域内土壤中Cd含量变异范围为0.05～3.86 mg/kg,As含量变化范围为11.9～301mg/kg;区域内深层土壤中Cd、As元素含量均高于筛...     

台州市污染土壤治理修复类项目管理评估实践

为提升台州市土壤污染综合防治效果,建立污染土壤治理修复类项目管理评估标准体系,指出台州市土壤污染治理修复工作存在的问题,确定了管理评估的内容.从资料准备、施工进度、工程质量、环境保护、安全文明施工等5个方面共19条明确了具体要求和打分细则,可规范污染土壤治理修复项目全过程管理,保障项目实施进度与质量.     

土壤污染状况调查普查区点位布设技术初探

土壤布点是土壤污染普查前期工作的一个重要技术部分.为了以最省时、最省力的办法布设采样点,本文结合新疆的实例,介绍了在普查区ARCGIS软件不同模块综合利用进行布点的方法,利用此法能够宏观、准确和快速完成布点,既可节省人力、物力和财力,又可提高工作效率和调查精度.     

重金属污染土壤的治理方法

从工程措施、生物措施、改良措施和农业措施四个方面较全面地介绍了国内外重金属污染土壤的治理方法，并就其原理、实例、优缺点和合理应用等问题做了简要阐述。     

土壤污染与环境保护现状及防治措施

随着经济快速发展,环境污染问题逐渐得到重视,土壤污染作为环境治理中需要关注的重点,需要针对污染问题进行深入研究,提出可行方案。土壤是经济发展的基础条件,与群众的生活以及身体健康有着直接联系,只有做好土壤环境建设,才能达到理想的环保目标。目前我国土壤环境遭受到了破坏,各地区之间出现的污染问题有着明显差异,土壤污染制约建成全面小康社会,文章通过实际研究,希望得出解决土壤污染的可行方案。     

土壤环境质量标准在工程应用中的局限性分析

为贯彻落实《中华人民共和国环境保护法》,加强建设用地土壤环境监管,管控污染地块对人体健康的风险,保障人居环境安全,生态环保部组织相关部门编制了土壤环境质量标准,并于2018年8月1日起开始实施。在标准实施的过程和应用过程中发现新发布的标准存在一些局限性。本文以土壤污染机理为基础,结合现行的治理技术,论述土壤质量标准在时间、空间及应用中的局限性。