Spatial variations in daily average CO2 concentrations above wetland surface of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China

Horizontal and vertical variations of daily average CO2 concentration above the wetland surface were studied in Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China in August, 2000. The primary purpose was to study spatial distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration on the four levels of height(0.1 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 2 m) and compare the differences of CO2 concentration under different land covers. Results showed that daily average CO2 concentration above wetland surface in Xianghai National Natural Reserve was lower than that above other wetlands in northeast China as well as the worldwide average, suggesting that Xianghai wetland absorbed CO2 in August and acted as“sink” of CO2. The horizontal variations on the four levels of height along the latitude were distinct, and had the changing tendency of“decreasing after increasing” with the increase of height. The areas with obvious variations were consistent on different levels of height,and those with the highest variations appeared above surface of shore, sloping field, Typha wetland and Phragmites wetland; the vertical variations were greatly different, with the higher variations in Phragmites wetland and Typha wetland, and the lands near the shore and the sloping field with the lower variations. Spatial variations of daily average CO2 concentrations above wet!and surface were affected by surface qualities and land covers.     

澳大利亚湿地管理与保护体制

湿地具有重要的自然功能和社会经济价值，管理和保护湿地对保护整个自然环境具有重要意义。澳大利亚作为湿地保护的先行者和积极推动者，在湿地管理和保护方面有很多值得我们借鉴的地方。澳大利亚形成了在统一协调框架下的地方主导型湿地管理体制，各州（地区）的权力较大，发挥着主要作用，但联邦政府发挥着很强的协调作用。[编者按]     

人工湿地植物在污水处理系统中的作用探讨

人工湿地污水系统由于具有独特的净化机理和功能而越来越多地被用于处理生活污水和工业废水.湿地植物在人工湿地中起着非常重要的作用,不但可以直接摄取和利用污水中的营养物质、吸收富集污水中的重金属等有毒有害物质;而且还能输送氧气到根区,提供根区微生物生长、繁殖和降解过程中对氧的需求.文章通过详细阐述植物对水中营养元素的吸收作用,说明了植物在人工湿地处理污水中的重要性.     

人工湿地污水处理技术的应用

阐述了应用人工湿地处理污水技术的原理．提出了潜流湿地系统设计参数的计算方法，对湿地选址、填料的应用、水生植物的栽种等实地应用问题提出建议。     

序批式活性污泥法及其发展

SBR及其发展工艺具有其它工艺无可比拟的优势，特别是其良好的除磷脱氮功能。本文介绍了SBR及其发展工艺各自的工艺特点、优势及不足之处，为它们在生产实践中的进一步推广应用提供技术参考。     

三峡库区湿地保护与可持续利用对策

随着三峡工程的逐渐完工，中国最大的人工湿地三峡水库也相应形成。由于位于长江上游主干道的特殊区位以及南水北调工程的实施．三峡水库湿地的生态环境不仅对三峡枢纽的安全运行和库区生态安全、而且对长江中下游地区乃至华北地区生态也将产生直接影响。目前，虽然加强了对长江上游地区的治理，但三峡水库湿地生态仍面临威胁。故应采取综合措施实现湿地的可持续利用。     

导流明沟人工湿地治理橡胶废水实践

运用人工湿地原理，采用明沟导流治理橡胶生产废水，其工程投资低，占地面积小，运行稳定，易于管理，去除率高，处理后废水达到国家标准。